Difference between revisions of "References"

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{.1983,
+  title = {Reassemblage: From the firelight to the screen},
+  year = {1983}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{.2011,
+  title = {20110401\_Radicalization\_Session5\_128K},
+  year = {2011}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{.2013,
+  title = {Wordstat video},
+  year = {2013}
+}
+}}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{10FacialRecognition,
-   title = {10 Facial Recognition Startups from {{Europe}} You Should Know about in 2019 | {{Silicon Canals}}},
+   title = {10 facial recognition startups from Europe you should know about in 2019 | Silicon Canals},
+  url = {https://siliconcanals.com/news/facial-recognition-startups-in-2019/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    abstract = {European technology news from the startup ecosystem. Founder and publisher: Remco Janssen. Follow us on Twitter: @siliconcanals.},
    chapter = {News},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/96VJ5LBS/facial-recognition-startups-in-2019.html},
    keywords = {FR-Inbox},
    language = {en-US}
@@ Line 11: / Line 30: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{2020116DarkEdenProgram1Pdf,
-   title = {2020-11-6/8 {{Dark}}-{{Eden}}-{{Program}}-1.Pdf},
+   title = {2020-11-6/8 Dark-Eden-Program-1.pdf},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/AHDS6EXK/Dark-Eden-Program-1.pdf},
+   url = {https://blogs.unsw.edu.au/tiic/files/2020/11/Dark-Eden-Program-1.pdf},
-   howpublished = {https://blogs.unsw.edu.au/tiic/files/2020/11/Dark-Eden-Program-1.pdf}
+  urldate = {2020-11-07}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{20201215EventFuture,
-   title = {2020-12-15 {{Event}}: {{The Future}} of {{AI}} Is {{Human}}},
+   title = {2020-12-15 Event: The Future of AI is Human},
    shorttitle = {Event},
+  url = {https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/sails/research/webinar-dec-2020-art-society-and-technology},
+  urldate = {2020-12-16},
    abstract = {Where SAILS meets Art, Society and Technology exciting things happen. Please note: The event location has changed and will now stream from the Leiden University Media Technology channel at You Tube, see link below.},
-  howpublished = {https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/sails/research/webinar-dec-2020-art-society-and-technology},
    language = {en}
 }
@@ Line 27: / Line 47: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{20210401UnfoldingIntelligence,
-   title = {2021-04-0 {{1Unfolding Intelligence Symposium}}},
+   title = {2021-04-0 1Unfolding Intelligence Symposium},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/Y7YZYEXD/announcing-the-unfolding-intelligence-symposium.html},
+   url = {https://mailchi.mp/9bd9e7d5b602/announcing-the-unfolding-intelligence-symposium?e=018299291f},
-   howpublished = {https://mailchi.mp/9bd9e7d5b602/announcing-the-unfolding-intelligence-symposium?e=018299291f}
+  urldate = {2021-02-03}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{20210603TransversalEntanglement,
-   title = {2021-06-03 {{Transversal Entanglement}} \textendash{} {{Artistic Research}} in {{Film Conference}} 2021},
+   title = {2021-06-03 Transversal Entanglement \textendash{} Artistic Research in Film Conference 2021},
+  url = {http://artistic-research-in-film-conference2021.filmuniversitaet.de/en/},
+  urldate = {2021-01-03},
    language = {en-GB}
 }
@@ Line 40: / Line 62: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{ActivistsUrgeEU2020,
-   title = {Activists Urge {{EU}} to Ban Live Facial Recognition in Public Spaces},
+   title = {Activists urge EU to ban live facial recognition in public spaces},
    year = {2020},
    month = nov,
+  url = {https://www.politico.eu/article/activists-urge-eu-to-ban-live-facial-recognition-in-public-spaces/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    abstract = {12 organizations join forces to make their voice heard in a debate dominated by the tech industry.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/LY4HQE5Q/activists-urge-eu-to-ban-live-facial-recognition-in-public-spaces.html},
-  howpublished = {https://www.politico.eu/article/activists-urge-eu-to-ban-live-facial-recognition-in-public-spaces/},
    journal = {POLITICO},
    keywords = {FR-Inbox},
    language = {en-US}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{AestheticsNewAI,
+  title = {Aesthetics of New AI Interfaces\textemdash Panel Discussion},
+  url = {https://www.serpentinegalleries.org/whats-on/aesthetics-of-new-ai-interfaces-panel-discussion/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-15},
+  abstract = {A panel discussion on machine learning and its art-making interfaces with Christian Ulrik Andersen, Agnes Cameron and Rebecca Fiebrink},
+  journal = {Serpentine Galleries},
+  language = {en-GB}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{AINarratives2020,
-   title = {{{AI Narratives}}},
+   title = {AI Narratives},
    year = {2020},
+  url = {https://www.ainarratives.com},
+  urldate = {2021-01-29},
    abstract = {GLOBAL AI NARRATIVES    exploring the way we talk about AI},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/C7G64HNG/www.ainarratives.com.html},
-  howpublished = {https://www.ainarratives.com},
    journal = {AI Narratives},
    language = {en-US}
@@ Line 64: / Line 96: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{AIWeeklyCoronavirus2020,
-   title = {{{AI Weekly}}: {{Coronavirus}}, Facial Recognition, and the Future of Privacy},
+   title = {AI Weekly: Coronavirus, facial recognition, and the future of privacy},
-   shorttitle = {{{AI Weekly}}},
+   shorttitle = {AI Weekly},
    year = {2020},
    month = mar,
+  url = {https://venturebeat.com/2020/03/06/ai-weekly-coronavirus-facial-recognition-and-the-future-of-privacy/},
+  urldate = {2020-03-15},
    abstract = {China has used AI and surveillance to curb COVID-19, but some argue other nations must respond differently if we are to preserve personal privacies.},
    chapter = {AI},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/J2AD6CAY/ai-weekly-coronavirus-facial-recognition-and-the-future-of-privacy.html},
    journal = {VentureBeat},
    language = {en-US}
@@ Line 77: / Line 110: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{AlyarAynetchi,
-   title = {Alyar {{Aynetchi}}},
+   title = {Alyar Aynetchi},
+  url = {https://alyaraynetchi.com},
+  urldate = {2020-11-03},
    abstract = {Alyar Aynetchi is an Art Director and Designer based in Amsterdam.},
-  howpublished = {https://alyaraynetchi.com},
    language = {en}
 }
@@ Line 85: / Line 119: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{AmsterdamAlgoritmeregisterHet,
-   title = {Amsterdam {{Algoritmeregister}} \textendash{} {{Het}} Algoritmeregister Is Een Overzicht van de Algoritmes Die de Gemeente {{Amsterdam}} Gebruikt Bij Gemeentelijke Dienstverlening. {{Een}} Algoritme Is Een Vooraf Bepaalde Set Regels of Stappen Die Door de Computer Gevolgd Worden. {{Per}} Algoritme Vindt u Eerst Algemene Informatie over de Bedoeling En Werking van Het Algoritme. {{Daarna}} Vindt u Meer Gedetailleerde Technische Informatie. {{Door}} Feedback Te Geven Helpen Kunt u Ons Helpen Om de Algoritmes Die We Gebruiken Beter, Eerlijker En Verantwoorder Te Maken.},
+   title = {Amsterdam Algoritmeregister \textendash{} Het algoritmeregister is een overzicht van de algoritmes die de gemeente Amsterdam gebruikt bij gemeentelijke dienstverlening. Een algoritme is een vooraf bepaalde set regels of stappen die door de computer gevolgd worden. Per algoritme vindt u eerst algemene informatie over de bedoeling en werking van het algoritme. Daarna vindt u meer gedetailleerde technische informatie. Door feedback te geven helpen kunt u ons helpen om de algoritmes die we gebruiken beter, eerlijker en verantwoorder te maken.},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/YMYIZ248/ai-register.html},
+   url = {https://algoritmeregister.amsterdam.nl/en/ai-register/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    language = {en-US}
 }
@@ Line 92: / Line 127: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{AmsterdamHelsinkiLaunch2020,
-   title = {Amsterdam and {{Helsinki}} Launch Algorithm Registries to Bring Transparency to Public Deployments of {{AI}}},
+   title = {Amsterdam and Helsinki launch algorithm registries to bring transparency to public deployments of AI},
    year = {2020},
    month = sep,
+  url = {https://venturebeat.com/2020/09/28/amsterdam-and-helsinki-launch-algorithm-registries-to-bring-transparency-to-public-deployments-of-ai/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    abstract = {Amsterdam and Helsinki today launched AI registries to detail how each city uses algorithms to deliver services.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/KHXWRXPY/amsterdam-and-helsinki-launch-algorithm-registries-to-bring-transparency-to-public-deployments-.html},
    journal = {VentureBeat},
    keywords = {FR-Read},
    language = {en-US}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{andersen002AestheticsNew,
+  title = {002: Aesthetics of New AI Interfaces},
+  author = {Andersen, Christian Ulrik and Pold, S{\o}ren and Cameron, Agnes},
+  pages = {71},
+  language = {en}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{AnnaRidlerCV,
-   title = {Anna {{Ridler CV}}},
+   title = {Anna Ridler CV},
+  url = {http://annaridler.com/c-v},
+  urldate = {2020-02-16},
    annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200216172849/http://annaridler.com/c-v},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/6HK9X3WR/c-v.html},
-  howpublished = {http://annaridler.com/c-v},
    journal = {ANNA RIDLER},
    language = {en-US}
@@ Line 114: / Line 158: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{aradauActsDigitalParasitism2019,
-   title = {Acts of Digital Parasitism: {{Hacking}}, Humanitarian Apps and Platformisation},
+   title = {Acts of digital parasitism: Hacking, humanitarian apps and platformisation},
-   shorttitle = {Acts of Digital Parasitism},
+   shorttitle = {Acts of digital parasitism},
    author = {Aradau, Claudia and Blanke, Tobias and Greenway, Giles},
    year = {2019},
@@ Line 121: / Line 165: @@
    volume = {21},
    pages = {2548--2565},
-   publisher = {{SAGE Publications}},
+   publisher = {SAGE Publications},
    issn = {1461-4448},
    doi = {10.1177/1461444819852589},
+  url = {10.1177/1461444819852589},
+  urldate = {2020-12-01},
    abstract = {The opacity of digital technologies has posed significant challenges for critical research and digital methods. In response, controversy mapping, reverse engineering and hacking have been key methodological devices to grapple with opacity and `open the black box' of digital ecosystems. We take recent developments in digital humanitarianism and the accelerated production of apps for refugees following the 2015 Mediterranean refugee crisis as a site of methodological experimentation to advance hacking as critical methodological interference. Drawing on the work of Michel Serres, we propose to understand digital technologies as `parasitic' and reconceptualise hacking as `acts of digital parasitism'. Acts of digital parasitism are interferences that work alongside rather than work against. On one hand, this reworking of hacking advances an agenda for digital methods through reworking hacking for digital humanities and social science research. On the other, it allows us to show how the object of research \textendash{} humanitarian apps \textendash{} is configured through platformisation and incorporation within digital parasitic relations.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/4PY3N7S2/Aradau et al_2019_Acts of digital parasitism.pdf},
    journal = {New Media \& Society},
    language = {en},
@@ Line 133: / Line 178: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{aradauBiopoliticsMultipleMigration2020,
-   title = {Biopolitics {{Multiple}}: {{Migration}}, {{Extraction}}, {{Subtraction}}},
+   title = {Biopolitics Multiple: Migration, Extraction, Subtraction},
-   shorttitle = {Biopolitics {{Multiple}}},
+   shorttitle = {Biopolitics Multiple},
    author = {Aradau, Claudia and Tazzioli, Martina},
    year = {2020},
@@ Line 140: / Line 185: @@
    volume = {48},
    pages = {198--220},
-   publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
+   publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
    issn = {0305-8298},
    doi = {10.1177/0305829819889139},
+  url = {10.1177/0305829819889139},
+  urldate = {2020-12-01},
    abstract = {This article proposes `biopolitics multiple' as an approach to the heterogeneity of biopolitical technologies deployed to govern migration today. Building on work that has started to develop analytical vocabularies to diagnose biopolitical technologies that work neither by fostering life nor by making people die in a necropolitical sense, it conceptualises `extraction' and `subtraction' as two such technologies that take `hold' of migrants' lives today. Extraction, explored in the article through a focus on borderzones in Greece, captures the imbrication of biopolitics and value through the `outside' creation of the economic conditions of data circulation. Subtraction, which is analysed in this article through a focus on Calais, captures the practices of (partial) non-governing by taking material and legal terrain away from migrants and reconfiguring convoluted geographies of (forced) hyper-mobility. This move allows us to understand the governmentality of migration beyond binary oppositions such as `making live/letting die', biopolitics/necropolitics and inclusion/exclusion., Biopol\'itica m\'ultiple: migraci\'on, extracci\'on, sustracci\'on},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/ADBJELCI/Aradau and Tazzioli - 2020 - Biopolitics Multiple Migration, Extraction, Subtr.pdf},
    journal = {Millennium},
    language = {en},
@@ Line 152: / Line 198: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{aradauTechnologyAgencyCritique2019,
-   title = {Technology, Agency, Critique : {{An}} Interview with {{Claudia Aradau}}},
+   title = {Technology, agency, critique : An interview with Claudia Aradau},
-   shorttitle = {Technology, Agency, Critique},
+   shorttitle = {Technology, agency, critique},
    author = {Aradau, Claudia and Hoijtink, Marijn and Leese, Matthias and Hoijtink, Marijn and Leese, Matthias},
    year = {2019},
    month = apr,
    pages = {188--203},
-   publisher = {{Routledge}},
+   publisher = {Routledge},
    doi = {10.4324/9780429463143-9},
+  url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/},
+  urldate = {2020-12-01},
    abstract = {The chapter shows what the effects of those constellations are CAA critical analysis of technology emerges through the diagnosis of effects, particularly as},
-  howpublished = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/},
    journal = {Technology and Agency in International Relations},
    language = {en}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{Asch.1975,
+  title = {The ax fight},
+  author = {Asch, Timothy and Chagnon, Napoleon},
+  year = {1975}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{axonDataPresentationSecurity2020,
+  title = {Data presentation in security operations centres: exploring the potential for sonification to enhance existing practice},
+  shorttitle = {Data presentation in security operations centres},
+  author = {Axon, Louise and AlAhmadi, Bushra A and Nurse, Jason R C and Goldsmith, Michael and Creese, Sadie},
+  year = {2020},
+  month = jan,
+  volume = {6},
+  pages = {tyaa004},
+  issn = {2057-2085, 2057-2093},
+  doi = {10.1093/cybsec/tyaa004},
+  url = {https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article/doi/10.1093/cybsec/tyaa004/5766338},
+  urldate = {2021-02-12},
+  abstract = {Security practitioners working in Security Operations Centres (SOCs) are responsible for detecting and mitigating malicious computer network activity. This work requires both automated tools that detect and prevent attacks, and data presentation tools that can present pertinent network security monitoring information to practitioners in an efficient and comprehensible manner. In recent years, advances have been made in the development of visual approaches to data presentation, with some uptake of advanced security visualization tools in SOCs. Sonification in which data are represented as sound, is said to have potential as an approach that could work alongside existing visual data presentation approaches to address some of the unique challenges faced by SOCs. For example, sonification has been shown to enable peripheral monitoring of processes, which could aid practitioners multitasking in busy SOCs. The perspectives of security practitioners on incorporating sonification into their actual working environments have not yet been examined, however. The aim of this article, therefore, is to address this gap by exploring attitudes to using sonification in SOCs and by identifying the data presentation approaches currently used. We report on the results of a study consisting of an online survey (N {$\frac{1}{4}$} 20) and interviews (N {$\frac{1}{4}$} 21) with security practitioners working in a range of different SOCs. Our contributions are (i) a refined appreciation of the contexts in which sonification could aid in SOC working practice, (ii) an understanding of the areas in which sonification may not be beneficial or may even be problematic, (iii) an analysis of the critical requirements for the design of sonification systems and their integration into the SOC setting and (iv) evidence of the visual data presentation techniques currently used and identification of how sonification might work alongside and address challenges to using them. Our findings clarify insights into the potential benefits and challenges of introducing sonification to support work in this vital security monitoring environment. Participants saw potential value in using sonification systems to aid in anomaly detection tasks in SOCs (such as retrospective hunting), as well as in situations in which peripheral monitoring is desirable: while multitasking with multiple work tasks, or while outside of the SOC.},
+  journal = {Journal of Cybersecurity},
+  language = {en},
+  number = {1}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{ballesteroTouchingLightHow2019,
-   title = {Touching with {{Light}}, or, {{How Texture Recasts}} the {{Sensing}} of {{Underground Water}}},
+   title = {Touching with Light, or, How Texture Recasts the Sensing of Underground Water},
    author = {Ballestero, Andrea},
    year = {2019},
@@ Line 176: / Line 249: @@
    issn = {0162-2439},
    doi = {10.1177/0162243919858717},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243919858717},
+  urldate = {2020-12-21},
    abstract = {This paper is an ethnographic examination of the early social life of a project to map Costa Rica's aquifers using LandSat imagery and a specialized algorithm. The project aims to make subterranean formations accessible for public agencies mediating recent environmental conflicts over underground water, which have been diagnosed as the country's first ``water war.'' I analyze the presentation to the public of this project and the technology it uses to show how vision and touch are conceptual resources that people use to describe the technicalities of satellite imagery. Attending to the semiotic and technical power of vision and touch requires a nonessentialist understanding of the senses. It requires moving away from a narrow understanding of sensing as embodied, phenomenological practice. Focusing on the role of texture as that which operates in the interstices of vision and touch, I propose going beyond panoptic imaginaries in order to grasp the diverse social lives that technologies such as satellite imaging have.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/I4TSIV7Y/Ballestero - 2019 - Touching with Light, or, How Texture Recasts the S.pdf},
    journal = {Science, Technology, \& Human Values},
    keywords = {remote sensing,subterranean,touch,underground,verticality,water},
@@ Line 186: / Line 260: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{BelarusProtestersUse,
-   title = {Belarus {{Protesters Use AI}} to '{{Unmask}}' {{Riot Police Wearing Face Coverings}}},
+   title = {Belarus Protesters Use AI to 'Unmask' Riot Police Wearing Face Coverings},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/UN56JTEC/belarus-protesters-use-ai-to-unmask-riot-police-wearing-face-coverings.html},
+   url = {https://petapixel.com/2020/09/29/belarus-protesters-use-ai-to-unmask-riot-police-wearing-face-coverings/},
-   howpublished = {https://petapixel.com/2020/09/29/belarus-protesters-use-ai-to-unmask-riot-police-wearing-face-coverings/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    keywords = {FR-Read}
 }
@@ Line 194: / Line 268: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@book{benbouzidMachinesPredictives2018,
-   title = {{Machines pr\'edictives}},
+   title = {Machines pr\'edictives},
    author = {Benbouzid, Bilel and Cardon, Dominique},
    year = {2018},
-   publisher = {{Editions La D\'ecouverte}},
+   publisher = {Editions La D\'ecouverte},
-   address = {{Paris}},
+   address = {Paris},
    annotation = {OCLC: 1113484407},
    isbn = {978-2-348-04068-9},
@@ Line 206: / Line 280: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@incollection{bigoGlobalizedSecurityField2008,
-   title = {Globalized (in)Security: {{The}} Field and the Ban-Opticon},
+   title = {Globalized (in)security: The field and the ban-opticon},
-   shorttitle = {Globalized (in)Security},
+   shorttitle = {Globalized (in)security},
-   booktitle = {Terror, {{Insecurity}} and {{Liberty}}},
+   booktitle = {Terror, Insecurity and Liberty},
    author = {Bigo, Didier},
    editor = {Tsoukala, Anastassia and Bigo, Didier},
@@ Line 214: / Line 288: @@
    month = jul,
    volume = {20083125},
-   publisher = {{Routledge}},
+   publisher = {Routledge},
    doi = {10.4324/9780203926765.ch2},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/89J6FE34/Bigo - 2008 - Globalized (in)security The field and the ban-opt.pdf},
+   url = {http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.4324/9780203926765.ch2},
+  urldate = {2021-01-26},
    isbn = {978-0-415-46628-8 978-0-203-92676-5},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 223: / Line 298: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{blankeMaterialConditionsPlatforms2020,
-   title = {The {{Material Conditions}} of {{Platforms}}: {{Monopolization Through Decentralization}}},
+   title = {The Material Conditions of Platforms: Monopolization Through Decentralization},
-   shorttitle = {The {{Material Conditions}} of {{Platforms}}},
+   shorttitle = {The Material Conditions of Platforms},
    author = {Blanke, Tobias and Pybus, Jennifer},
    year = {2020},
@@ Line 230: / Line 305: @@
    volume = {6},
    pages = {2056305120971632},
-   publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
+   publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
    issn = {2056-3051},
    doi = {10.1177/2056305120971632},
+  url = {10.1177/2056305120971632},
+  urldate = {2020-12-02},
    abstract = {In this article, we add research on technical integration and dependency to the theories of platformization. Our research seeks to understand how platforms have been able to technically integrate themselves into the fabric of the mobile ecosystem, transforming the economic dynamics that allow these largely enclosed entities to compete. We therefore want to consider platforms as service assemblages to account for the material ways in which they have decomposed and recomposed themselves for developers, enabling them to shift the economic dynamics of competition and monopolization in their favor. This article will argue that this shift in the formation of platform monopolies is being brought about by the decentralization of these services, leading to an overall technical integration of the largest digital platform such as Facebook and Google into the source code of almost all apps. We present new digital methodologies to surface these relations and material conditions of platforms. These methodologies offer us a whole new toolkit to investigate how decentralized services depend on each other and how new power relations are formed.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/94BXKH39/Blanke Pybus 2020 - The Material Conditions of Platforms.pdf},
    journal = {Social Media + Society},
    language = {en},
    number = {4}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{Block.2018,
+  title = {The cleaners},
+  editor = {Block, hans and Riesewieck, Moritz},
+  year = {2018},
+  publisher = {Gebrueder Beetz Filmproduktion}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{blockCleaners2018,
+  title = {The Cleaners},
+  author = {Block, Hans and Riesewieck, Moritz},
+  year = {2018}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{bloomsbury.comDigitalVisionEcological,
-   title = {Digital {{Vision}} and the {{Ecological Aesthetic}} (1968 - 2018)},
+   title = {Digital Vision and the Ecological Aesthetic (1968 - 2018)},
    author = {Bloomsbury.com},
+  url = {https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/digital-vision-and-the-ecological-aesthetic-1968-2018-9781350051836/},
+  urldate = {2020-12-07},
    abstract = {Digital technology has transformed the way that we visualise the natural world, the art we create and the stories we tell about our environments. Exploring contemporary digital art and literature through an ecocritical lens, Digital Vision and the Ecological Aesthetic (1968 - 2018) demonstrates the many ways in which critical ideas of the sublime, the pastoral and the picturesque have been renewed and shaped in digital media, from electronic literature to music and the visual arts. The book goes on to explore the ecological implications of these new forms of cultural representation in the digital age and in so doing makes a profound contribution to our understanding of digital art practice in the 21st century.},
-  howpublished = {https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/digital-vision-and-the-ecological-aesthetic-1968-2018-9781350051836/},
    journal = {Bloomsbury Publishing},
    keywords = {Ruben-Inbox},
    language = {en}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{bobkoffYouVeGot2020,
+  title = {You've got Enron Mail},
+  year = {2020},
+  month = nov,
+  url = {https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/youve-got-enron-mail/},
+  collaborator = {Bobkoff, Dan and Pedulla, Amy and Sigl, Jennifer and Wyman, Sarah},
+  journal = {99\% Invisible},
+  keywords = {RV-watched}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{boersmaImaginingSocietyLogics2015,
-   title = {Imagining Society: {{Logics}} of Visualization in Images of Immigrant Integration},
+   title = {Imagining society: Logics of visualization in images of immigrant integration},
-   shorttitle = {Imagining Society},
+   shorttitle = {Imagining society},
    author = {Boersma, Sanne and Schinkel, Willem},
    year = {2015},
@@ Line 262: / Line 365: @@
    issn = {0263-7758, 1472-3433},
    doi = {10.1177/0263775815598153},
+  url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0263775815598153},
+  urldate = {2021-01-26},
    journal = {Environment and Planning D: Society and Space},
    language = {en},
@@ Line 269: / Line 374: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{bonnefonMachineThinkingFast2020,
-   title = {Machine {{Thinking}}, {{Fast}} and {{Slow}}},
+   title = {Machine Thinking, Fast and Slow},
    author = {Bonnefon, Jean-Fran{\c c}ois and Rahwan, Iyad},
    year = {2020},
@@ Line 277: / Line 382: @@
    issn = {1364-6613},
    doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2020.09.007},
+  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661320302229},
+  urldate = {2020-11-16},
    abstract = {Machines do not `think fast and slow' in the sense that humans do in dual-process models of cognition. However, the people who create the machines may attempt to emulate or simulate these fast and slow modes of thinking, which will in turn affect the way end users relate to these machines. In this opinion article we consider the complex interplay in the way various stakeholders (engineers, user experience designers, regulators, ethicists, and end users) can be inspired, challenged, or misled by the analogy between the fast and slow thinking of humans and the Fast and Slow Thinking of machines.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/XR4UAIBV/Bonnefon and Rahwan - 2020 - Machine Thinking, Fast and Slow.pdf;/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/RENKJF6N/S1364661320302229.html},
    journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
    keywords = {algorithm aversion,artificial intelligence,dual-process,machine behavior,machine ethics,trust},
@@ Line 287: / Line 393: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{boothHaltPublicUse2020,
-   title = {Halt Public Use of Facial Recognition Tech, Says Equality Watchdog},
+   title = {Halt public use of facial recognition tech, says equality watchdog},
    author = {Booth, Robert},
    year = {2020},
    month = mar,
    issn = {0261-3077},
+  url = {https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/mar/12/halt-public-use-of-facial-recognition-tech-says-equality-watchdog},
+  urldate = {2020-03-15},
    abstract = {Equalities and Human Rights Commission says mass AFR surveillance is discriminatory and stifles free expression},
    chapter = {UK news},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/UR2QQCUJ/halt-public-use-of-facial-recognition-tech-says-equality-watchdog.html},
    journal = {The Guardian},
    keywords = {Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC),Facial recognition,Police,Race,Society,Surveillance,UK news},
@@ Line 302: / Line 409: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{BordersFear,
-   title = {2020-11-27/29 {{Borders}} of {{Fear}}},
+   title = {2020-11-27/29 Borders of Fear},
+  url = {https://www.disruptionlab.org/borders-of-fear},
+  urldate = {2020-11-25},
    abstract = {MIGRATION, SECURITY \&amp; CONTROL Live from Studio 1 - Kunstquartier Bethanien - Berlin  November 27\textemdash 29 2020},
-  howpublished = {https://www.disruptionlab.org/borders-of-fear},
    journal = {Disruption Network Lab},
    language = {en-US}
@@ Line 311: / Line 419: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@book{braynePredictSurveilData2021,
-   title = {Predict and Surveil: Data, Discretion, and the Future of Policing},
+   title = {Predict and surveil: data, discretion, and the future of policing},
-   shorttitle = {Predict and Surveil},
+   shorttitle = {Predict and surveil},
    author = {Brayne, Sarah},
    year = {2021},
-   publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
+   publisher = {Oxford University Press},
-   address = {{New York, NY}},
+   address = {New York, NY},
    abstract = {"The scope of criminal justice surveillance, from the police to the prisons, has expanded rapidly in recent decades. At the same time, the use of big data has spread across a range of fields, including finance, politics, health, and marketing. While law enforcement's use of big data is hotly contested, very little is known about how the police actually use it in daily operations and with what consequences. This book offers an inside look at how police use big data and new surveillance technologies, leveraging on-the-ground fieldwork with one of the most technologically advanced law enforcement agencies in the world-the Los Angeles Police Department. Drawing on original interviews and ethnographic observations from over two years of fieldwork with the LAPD, the text examines the causes and consequences of big data and algorithmic control. It reveals how the police use predictive analytics and new surveillance technologies to deploy resources, identify criminal suspects, and conduct investigations; how the adoption of big data analytics transforms police organizational practices; and how the police themselves respond to these new data-driven practices. While big data analytics has the potential to reduce bias, increase efficiency, and improve prediction accuracy, the book argues that it also reproduces and deepens existing patterns of inequality, threatens privacy, and challenges civil liberties"--},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/PLWTVDAL/Brayne - 2021 - Predict and surveil data, discretion, and the fut.pdf},
    isbn = {978-0-19-068409-9},
    keywords = {California Los Angeles,Crime analysis,Crime forecasting,Criminal behavior; Prediction of,Data processing,Police,Statistical methods},
@@ Line 327: / Line 434: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{bunz001AestheticsNew,
-   title = {001: {{Aesthetics}} of {{New AI}}},
+   title = {001: Aesthetics of New AI},
    author = {Bunz, Mercedes and Khan, Murad and Anamorphisms, New and Khan, Nora N},
    pages = {56},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/T7UBXBXX/Bunz et al. - 001 Aesthetics of New AI.pdf},
    language = {en}
 }
@@ Line 336: / Line 442: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{cakiciPeoplingEuropeData2020,
-   title = {Peopling {{Europe}} through {{Data Practices}}: {{Introduction}} to the {{Special Issue}}},
+   title = {Peopling Europe through Data Practices: Introduction to the Special Issue},
-   shorttitle = {Peopling {{Europe}} through {{Data Practices}}},
+   shorttitle = {Peopling Europe through Data Practices},
    author = {Cakici, Baki and Ruppert, Evelyn and Scheel, Stephan},
    year = {2020},
@@ Line 345: / Line 451: @@
    issn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},
    doi = {10.1177/0162243919897822},
+  url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243919897822},
+  urldate = {2021-01-26},
    abstract = {Politically, Europe has been unable to address itself to a constituted polity and people as more than an agglomeration of nation-states. From the resurgence of nationalisms to the crisis of the single currency and the unprecedented decision of a member state to leave the European Union (EU), core questions about the future of Europe have been rearticulated: Who are the people of Europe? Is there a European identity? What does it mean to say, ``I am European?'' Where does Europe begin and end? and Who can legitimately claim to be a part of a ``European'' people? The special issue (SI) seeks to contest dominant framings of the question ``Who are the people of Europe?'' as only a matter of government policies, electoral campaigns, or parliamentary debates. Instead, the contributions start from the assumption that answers to this question exist in data practices where people are addressed, framed, known, and governed as European. The central argument of this SI is that it is through data practices that the EU seeks to simultaneously constitute its population as a knowable, governable entity, and as a distinct form of peoplehood where common personhood is more important than differences.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/ZYN6EGKB/Cakici et al. - 2020 - Peopling Europe through Data Practices Introducti.pdf},
    journal = {Science, Technology, \& Human Values},
    language = {en},
@@ Line 354: / Line 461: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{campbellScifiSurveillanceEurope2020,
-   title = {Sci-Fi Surveillance: {{Europe}}'s Secretive Push into Biometric Technology},
+   title = {Sci-fi surveillance: Europe's secretive push into biometric technology},
-   shorttitle = {Sci-Fi Surveillance},
+   shorttitle = {Sci-fi surveillance},
    author = {Campbell, Zach},
    year = {2020},
    month = dec,
    issn = {0261-3077},
+  url = {https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/10/sci-fi-surveillance-europes-secretive-push-into-biometric-technology},
+  urldate = {2020-12-14},
    abstract = {Millions in EU science funding is being used to develop new tools for policing and security. But who decides how far we need to submit to artificial intelligence?},
    chapter = {World news},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/E859A5JN/sci-fi-surveillance-europes-secretive-push-into-biometric-technology.html},
    journal = {The Guardian},
    keywords = {Artificial intelligence (AI),Biometrics,Defence policy,Europe,European Union,Privacy,Surveillance,Technology},
    language = {en-GB}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{CastaingTaylor.2012,
+  title = {Leviathan},
+  author = {{Castaing-Taylor}, Lucien and Paravel, Verena},
+  year = {2012},
+  publisher = {Harvard Sensory Lab},
+  collaborator = {{Castaing-Taylor}, Lucien and Paravel, Verena}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{castanedaRobotVisions2014,
-   title = {Robot Visions},
+   title = {Robot visions},
    author = {Casta{\~n}eda, Claudia and Suchman, Lucy},
    year = {2014},
@@ Line 378: / Line 495: @@
    issn = {0306-3127},
    doi = {10.1177/0306312713511868},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312713511868},
+  urldate = {2020-12-21},
    abstract = {This article explores the resonating figures of primate, child, and robot in contemporary technoscientific corporealizations of the `almost human'. We take as our model (in)organism `Lucy the Robot Orangutan', roboticist Steve Grand's project to create an artificial life form with a mind of its own. One aspect of Lucy's figuration by Grand, we argue, which ties her to Haraway's analysis of the primate, is of the robot as a model for animal, and more specifically (or aspirationally) human, cognition. We follow the trope of `model organism' as it is under discussion within science and technology studies and as an ironic descriptor for our own interest in Lucy as an entity/project through which to illuminate figurations within robotics more widely. Primate and robot together are forms of natureculture that help to clarify how the categories of animal and machine are entangled, while making explicit investments in their differences from one another, and from the third category of the human. We conclude, again following Haraway, by imagining what other possibilities there might be for figuring humans, robots, and their relations if we escape the reiterative imaginary of the robot as proxy for becoming human.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/46BPMVSG/Robot visions_Castenada&Suchman SSS 2014.pdf;/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/BLCW9YPZ/Castañeda and Suchman - 2014 - Robot visions.pdf},
    journal = {Social Studies of Science},
    keywords = {figuration,model organism,primatology,robotics},
@@ Line 388: / Line 506: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{CenterExperimentalEthnography,
-   title = {The {{Center}} for {{Experimental Ethnography}} ({{UPenn}})},
+   title = {The Center for Experimental Ethnography (UPenn)},
+  url = {https://www.centerforexperimentalethnography.org/},
+  urldate = {2020-11-03},
    abstract = {The Center for Experimental Ethnography at the University of Pennsylvania seeks to amplify discussions regarding the emerging forms scholarly research is taking in the humanities and social sciences, and to create institutional interventions related to no},
-  howpublished = {https://www.centerforexperimentalethnography.org/},
    journal = {centerforexperimentalethnography},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 397: / Line 516: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{ChallengesComparingHuman2020,
-   title = {Challenges of {{Comparing Human}} and {{Machine Perception}}},
+   title = {Challenges of Comparing Human and Machine Perception},
    year = {2020},
    month = jul,
+  url = {https://thegradient.pub/challenges-of-comparing-human-and-machine-perception/},
+  urldate = {2020-08-03},
    abstract = {On how comparison studies between AI and humans be fruitful -- if care is taken.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/N9QBBJSW/challenges-of-comparing-human-and-machine-perception.html},
-  howpublished = {https://thegradient.pub/challenges-of-comparing-human-and-machine-perception/},
    journal = {The Gradient},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 409: / Line 528: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{ClearviewFacialRecognition,
-   title = {Clearview's {{Facial Recognition App Has Been Used By The Justice Department}}, {{ICE}}, {{Macy}}'s, {{Walmart}}, {{And The NBA}}},
+   title = {Clearview's Facial Recognition App Has Been Used By The Justice Department, ICE, Macy's, Walmart, And The NBA},
+  url = {https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanmac/clearview-ai-fbi-ice-global-law-enforcement},
+  urldate = {2020-02-28},
    abstract = {A BuzzFeed News review of Clearview AI documents has revealed the company is working with more than 2,200 law enforcement agencies, companies, and individuals around the world.},
    annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200228084853/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanmac/clearview-ai-fbi-ice-global-law-enforcement},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/Y7QT2DEJ/clearview-ai-fbi-ice-global-law-enforcement.html},
-  howpublished = {https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanmac/clearview-ai-fbi-ice-global-law-enforcement},
    journal = {BuzzFeed News},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 420: / Line 539: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{cointetjean-philippeNeuronsSpikeBack2018,
-   title = {{Neurons spike back}},
+   title = {Neurons spike back},
    author = {{Cointet, Jean-Philippe}, Bilel and Cardon, Dominique and Mazi{\`e}res, Antoine},
    year = {2018},
@@ Line 426: / Line 545: @@
    pages = {173--220},
    annotation = {OCLC: 1113484407},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/6XR3TG2A/NeuronsSpikeBack.pdf},
    journal = {R\'eseaux},
    language = {French},
@@ Line 434: / Line 552: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{collectiveTacticalTech,
-   title = {Tactical {{Tech}}},
+   title = {Tactical Tech},
    author = {Collective, Tactical Tech},
+  url = {https://tacticaltech.org/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-05},
    abstract = {Tactical Tech is an international NGO that engages with citizens and civil-society organisations to explore the impacts of technology on society.},
-  howpublished = {https://tacticaltech.org/},
    language = {en}
 }
@@ Line 443: / Line 562: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{ComputerGotIt,
-   title = {'{{The Computer Got It Wrong}}': {{How Facial Recognition Led To False Arrest Of Black Man}}},
+   title = {'The Computer Got It Wrong': How Facial Recognition Led To False Arrest Of Black Man},
-   shorttitle = {'{{The Computer Got It Wrong}}'},
+  shorttitle = {'The Computer Got It Wrong'},
+  url = {https://www.npr.org/2020/06/24/882683463/the-computer-got-it-wrong-how-facial-recognition-led-to-a-false-arrest-in-michig},
+  urldate = {2021-01-26},
+  abstract = {Robert Williams says his driver's license photo was incorrectly matched with a wanted suspect. He was arrested and detained. Though the case was dropped, Williams says its effect is lasting.},
+  journal = {NPR.org},
+  language = {en}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{ComputerGotIta,
+  title = {'The Computer Got It Wrong': How Facial Recognition Led To False Arrest Of Black Man},
+   shorttitle = {'The Computer Got It Wrong'},
+  url = {https://www.npr.org/2020/06/24/882683463/the-computer-got-it-wrong-how-facial-recognition-led-to-a-false-arrest-in-michig},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    abstract = {Robert Williams says his driver's license photo was incorrectly matched with a wanted suspect. He was arrested and detained. Though the case was dropped, Williams says its effect is lasting.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/A57JGG93/the-computer-got-it-wrong-how-facial-recognition-led-to-a-false-arrest-in-michig.html},
-  howpublished = {https://www.npr.org/2020/06/24/882683463/the-computer-got-it-wrong-how-facial-recognition-led-to-a-false-arrest-in-michig},
    journal = {NPR.org},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 454: / Line 584: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{coopmansFaceValueNew2011,
-   title = {`{{Face}} Value': {{New}} Medical Imaging Software in Commercial View},
+   title = {`Face value': New medical imaging software in commercial view},
-   shorttitle = {`{{Face}} Value'},
+   shorttitle = {`Face value'},
    author = {Coopmans, Catelijne},
    year = {2011},
@@ Line 463: / Line 593: @@
    issn = {0306-3127},
    doi = {10.1177/0306312710389226},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312710389226},
+  urldate = {2020-12-21},
    abstract = {Based on three ethnographic vignettes describing the engagements of a small start-up company with prospective competitors, partners and customers, this paper shows how commercial considerations are folded into the ways visual images become `seeable'. When company members mount demonstrations of prototype mammography software, they seek to generate interest but also to protect their intellectual property. Pivotal to these efforts to manage revelation and concealment is the visual interface, which is variously performed as obstacle and ally in the development of a profitable product. Using the concept of `face value', the paper seeks to develop further insight into contemporary dynamics of seeing and showing by tracing the way techno-visual presentations and commercial considerations become entangled in practice. It also draws attention to the salience and significance of enactments of surface and depth in image-based practices.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/UAKCA48J/Coopmans - 2011 - ‘Face value’ New medical imaging software in comm.pdf},
    journal = {Social Studies of Science},
    keywords = {commercial relations,ethnography,face value,imaging,software demonstrations},
@@ Line 472: / Line 603: @@
 }}
 {{#scite:
-  |bibtex=@article{covielloPENSARECONOCCHI,
+  |bibtex=@article{CouncilonForeignRelations.2011,
-   title = {{{PENSARE CON GLI OCCHI}}. {{LA POLITICA DELLE IMMAGINI NELL}}'{{OPERA DI HARUN FAROCHI}} / {{Videogrammi}} Di Guerra. {{Il}} Lavoro Del Montaggio e La Riemersione Del Visibile Nel Cinema Di {{HARUN FAROCKI}}},
+   title = {Radicalisation hearings},
-   author = {Coviello, Massimiliano},
+   author = {{Council on Foreign Relations}},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/ELD7S5EY/PENSARE_CON_GLI_OCCHI_LA_POLITICA_DELLE_IMMAGINI_NELL_OPERA_DI_HARUN_FAROCHI_Videogrammi_di_gue.html},
+   year = {2011},
-   language = {en}
+   publisher = {Council on Foreign Relations}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
-  |bibtex=@misc{crawfordAnatomyAISystem,
+ |bibtex=@article{CouncilonForeignRelations.2011b,
-   title = {Anatomy of an {{AI System}}},
+  title = {Radicalisation hearings},
+  author = {{Council on Foreign Relations}},
+  year = {2011},
+  publisher = {Council on Foreign Relations}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{covielloPENSARECONOCCHI,
+  title = {PENSARE CON GLI OCCHI. LA POLITICA DELLE IMMAGINI NELL'OPERA DI HARUN FAROCHI / Videogrammi di guerra. Il lavoro del montaggio e la riemersione del visibile nel cinema di HARUN FAROCKI},
+  author = {Coviello, Massimiliano},
+  url = {https://www.academia.edu/29935678/PENSARE_CON_GLI_OCCHI_LA_POLITICA_DELLE_IMMAGINI_NELL_OPERA_DI_HARUN_FAROCHI_Videogrammi_di_guerra_Il_lavoro_del_montaggio_e_la_riemersione_del_visibile_nel_cinema_di_HARUN_FAROCKI},
+  urldate = {2021-01-30},
+  language = {en}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+  |bibtex=@misc{crawfordAnatomyAISystem,
+   title = {Anatomy of an AI System},
    author = {Crawford, Kate and Joler, Vladan},
-   publisher = {{SHARE Lab; AI Now institute}},
+   publisher = {SHARE Lab; AI Now institute},
+  url = {http://www.anatomyof.ai},
+  urldate = {2021-01-26},
    abstract = {Anatomy of an AI System - The Amazon Echo as an anatomical map of human labor, data and planetary resources. By Kate Crawford and Vladan Joler (2018)},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/V6X2SR67/anatomyof.ai.html},
    language = {en}
 }
@@ Line 491: / Line 640: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{cruickshankHopkinsExpertsPresent2020,
-   title = {Hopkins Experts Present Latest Coronavirus Information on {{Capitol Hill}}},
+   title = {Hopkins experts present latest coronavirus information on Capitol Hill},
    author = {Cruickshank, Saralyn and March 7, Katie Pearce / Published},
    year = {2020},
    month = mar,
+  url = {https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/03/06/covid-19-coronavirus-expert-testimony-to-congress/},
+  urldate = {2020-03-12},
    abstract = {Experts discuss how COVID-19 is transmitted, how it is being tracked, and how governments, institutions, and individuals can prevent its spread},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/FPJWT77A/covid-19-coronavirus-expert-testimony-to-congress.html},
-  howpublished = {https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/03/06/covid-19-coronavirus-expert-testimony-to-congress/},
    journal = {The Hub},
    language = {en}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{Curtis.2004,
+  title = {The power of nightmares: The rise of the politics of fear},
+  author = {Curtis, Adam},
+  year = {2004},
+  publisher = {British Broadcasting Corporation},
+  collaborator = {Curtis, Adam}
 }
 }}
@@ Line 508: / Line 666: @@
    year = {2010},
    edition = {Paperback ed},
-   publisher = {{Zone Books}},
+   publisher = {Zone Books},
-   address = {{New York, NY}},
+   address = {New York, NY},
    annotation = {OCLC: 731595843},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/WMH6HEVG/Daston and Galison - 2010 - Objectivity.pdf},
    isbn = {978-1-890951-79-5},
    language = {eng}
@@ Line 518: / Line 675: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@book{davilaDiagramsPowerVisualizing2019,
-   title = {Diagrams of Power. {{Visualizing}}, Mapping and Performing Resistance.},
+   title = {Diagrams of power. Visualizing, mapping and performing resistance.},
    author = {D{\'a}vila, Patricio},
    year = {2019},
-   publisher = {{Onomatopee}},
+   publisher = {Onomatopee},
-   address = {{Eindhoven}},
+   address = {Eindhoven},
    abstract = {Diagrams of Power' collects contemporary artworks and projects that use data, diagrams, maps and visualizations as ways of challenging dominant narratives and supporting the resilience of marginalized communities.0The artists and designers featured critique conventionalized and established truths that obscure important histories or perpetuate oppressive regimes; they also contribute to positive social change by engaging communities and providing alternative strategies for storytelling, communication and organizing. Historical and contemporary uses of data and visualization in colonization, surveillance and management are problematized through critical interventions that use performance, embodiment and counternarratives. 00Exhibition: Onomatopee, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (09.03.-05.05.2019).},
    annotation = {OCLC: 1102599000},
@@ Line 531: / Line 688: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{defreitasAlternativeOntologiesNumber2016,
-   title = {Alternative {{Ontologies}} of {{Number}}: {{Rethinking}} the {{Quantitative}} in {{Computational Culture}}},
+   title = {Alternative Ontologies of Number: Rethinking the Quantitative in Computational Culture},
-   shorttitle = {Alternative {{Ontologies}} of {{Number}}},
+   shorttitle = {Alternative Ontologies of Number},
    author = {{de Freitas}, Elizabeth and {Dixon-Rom{\'a}n}, Ezekiel and Lather, Patti},
    year = {2016},
@@ Line 538: / Line 695: @@
    volume = {16},
    pages = {431--434},
-   publisher = {{SAGE Publications}},
+   publisher = {SAGE Publications},
    issn = {1532-7086},
    doi = {10.1177/1532708616655759},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/DRFHMMAP/de Freitas et al 2016 - Alternative Ontologies of Number.pdf},
+   url = {10.1177/1532708616655759},
+  urldate = {2021-01-20},
    journal = {Cultural Studies {$\leftrightarrow$} Critical Methodologies},
    language = {en},
    number = {5}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{DerDerian.2010,
+  title = {Human terrain: When war becomes academic (82min)},
+  year = {2010},
+  publisher = {Udris Film, Global Media Project},
+  collaborator = {Der Derian, James and Udris, David and Udris, Michael}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{Derki.2014,
+  title = {Return to homs},
+  year = {2014},
+  publisher = {Films Media Group},
+  address = {New York},
+  collaborator = {Derki, Talal}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{EmergentFuturesCoLab,
-   title = {Emergent {{Futures CoLab}}},
+   title = {Emergent Futures CoLab},
-   abstract = {A Laboratory for Transdisciplinary Experimentation and Collaborative Future-Making},
+  url = {https://www.urgentemergent.org/},
-  howpublished = {https://www.urgentemergent.org/}
+  urldate = {2020-12-07},
+   abstract = {A Laboratory for Transdisciplinary Experimentation and Collaborative Future-Making}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{ErichHoerlHg,
-   title = {{Erich H\"orl (Hg.), Nelly Y. Pinkrah (Hg.), Lotte Warnsholdt (Hg.): Critique and the Digital}},
+   title = {Erich H\"orl (Hg.), Nelly Y. Pinkrah (Hg.), Lotte Warnsholdt (Hg.): Critique and the Digital},
-   shorttitle = {{Erich H\"orl (Hg.), Nelly Y. Pinkrah (Hg.), Lotte Warnsholdt (Hg.)}},
+   shorttitle = {Erich H\"orl (Hg.), Nelly Y. Pinkrah (Hg.), Lotte Warnsholdt (Hg.)},
+  url = {http://www.diaphanes.ch/titel/critique-and-the-digital-6052},
+  urldate = {2020-12-07},
    abstract = {The computerization of today's world has fundamentally transformed the sites of and for critique, and it challenges the meaning of critique as such. The subject of critique, constituted through the cultural techniques of modernity, now collides with the digital, which, as a condition of contemporary life, can be seen both as a product of modernity and as its very ending. Digitality severely alters the subject of critique and its spacio-temporal relations; it may even deprive the subject of its potentiality to be critical in the first place. The authors of this volume therefore examine the existence of critique in the digital, asking what it might be and in what settings it occurs.},
-  howpublished = {http://www.diaphanes.ch/titel/critique-and-the-digital-6052},
    language = {de}
 }
@@ Line 565: / Line 742: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@techreport{europeancommissionWhitePaperArtificial2020,
-   title = {White {{Paper}} on {{Artificial Intelligence}}: A {{European}} Approach to Excellence and Trust},
+   title = {White Paper on Artificial Intelligence: a European approach to excellence and trust},
-   shorttitle = {White {{Paper}} on {{Artificial Intelligence}}},
+   shorttitle = {White Paper on Artificial Intelligence},
    author = {European Commission},
    year = {2020},
    month = feb,
+  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/white-paper-artificial-intelligence-european-approach-excellence-and-trust_en},
+  urldate = {2021-01-26},
    abstract = {White Paper on Artificial Intelligence: a European approach to excellence and trust},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/TCWIWJ95/European Commission - 2020 - White Paper on Artificial Intelligence a European.pdf;/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/R3QQFGV6/white-paper-artificial-intelligence-european-approach-excellence-and-trust_en.html},
    language = {en},
    type = {Text}
@@ Line 578: / Line 756: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{EuropeLimitsGovernment,
-   title = {Europe {{Limits Government}} by {{Algorithm}}. {{The US}}, {{Not So Much}}},
+   title = {Europe Limits Government by Algorithm. The US, Not So Much},
    issn = {1059-1028},
+  url = {https://www.wired.com/story/europe-limits-government-algorithm-us-not-much/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    abstract = {A Dutch court halted a program to identify people more likely to commit benefits fraud. Critics said it discriminated against immigrants and low-income residents.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/5JXYLHCC/europe-limits-government-algorithm-us-not-much.html},
    journal = {Wired},
    keywords = {algorithms,artificial intelligence,business,europe,facial recognition,FR-Inbox,web},
@@ Line 589: / Line 768: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{ExperimentsCollaborationCritical,
-   title = {Experiments in {{Collaboration}} and {{Critical Participation}}},
+   title = {Experiments in Collaboration and Critical Participation},
+  url = {https://www.4sonline.org/sts-resources/making-and-doing/virtual-prague-2020/experiments-in-collaboration-and-critical-participation/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    journal = {Society for Social Studies of Science},
    language = {en-US}
@@ Line 596: / Line 777: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{FacialRecognitionEU2020,
-   title = {Facial Recognition: {{EU}} Considers Ban of up to Five Years},
+   title = {Facial recognition: EU considers ban of up to five years},
-   shorttitle = {Facial Recognition},
+   shorttitle = {Facial recognition},
    year = {2020},
    month = jan,
+  url = {https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51148501},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    abstract = {The European Commission wants time to work out how to prevent the technology being abused.},
    chapter = {Technology},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/XY8ZYRTP/technology-51148501.html},
    journal = {BBC News},
    keywords = {FR-Inbox},
@@ Line 610: / Line 792: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{FacialRecognitionEurope2019,
-   title = {Facial {{Recognition}} in {{Europe}}: {{Security Problem}}?},
+   title = {Facial Recognition in Europe: Security Problem?},
-   shorttitle = {Facial {{Recognition}} in {{Europe}}},
+   shorttitle = {Facial Recognition in Europe},
    year = {2019},
    month = sep,
+  url = {https://blog-idcuk.com/facial-recognition-in-europe-a-battle-between-privacy-and-surveillance/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    abstract = {Legislators are exploring ways to control the use of facial recognition in Europe through legislation, which would limit the indiscriminate use of it},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/VP7N8Q6A/facial-recognition-in-europe-a-battle-between-privacy-and-surveillance.html},
    journal = {IDC UK Blog},
    keywords = {FR-Inbox},
@@ Line 623: / Line 806: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{FacialRecognitionReveals,
-   title = {Facial Recognition Reveals Political Party in Troubling New Research},
+   title = {Facial recognition reveals political party in troubling new research},
+  url = {https://social.techcrunch.com/2021/01/13/facial-recognition-reveals-political-party-in-troubling-new-research/},
+  urldate = {2021-01-16},
    abstract = {Researchers have created a machine learning system that they claim can determine a person's political party, with reasonable accuracy, based only on their face. The study, from a group that also showed that sexual preference can seemingly be inferred this way, candidly addresses and carefully\ldots},
    journal = {TechCrunch},
@@ Line 630: / Line 815: @@
 }}
 {{#scite:
-  |bibtex=@article{follisVisionTransterritoryBorders2017,
+ |bibtex=@misc{Farocki.1988,
-   title = {Vision and {{Transterritory}}: {{The Borders}} of {{Europe}}},
+  title = {Images of the World and the Inscription of War},
-   shorttitle = {Vision and {{Transterritory}}},
+  author = {Farocki, Harun},
-   author = {Follis, Karolina S.},
+  year = {1988},
-   year = {2017},
+  publisher = {Harun Farocki Filmproduktion},
+  collaborator = {Farocki, Harun}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{Farocki.2000,
+  title = {Auge/Machine I (Eye/Machine I)},
+  author = {Farocki, Harun},
+  editor = {Farocki, Harun},
+  year = {2000}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+  |bibtex=@article{Farocki.20012003,
+  title = {Auge/Machine i-iii (Eye/Machine i-iii)},
+  author = {Farocki, Harun},
+  editor = {Farocki, Harun},
+  year = {2001}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{Farocki.20092010,
+  title = {Serious games i-iv},
+  author = {Farocki, Harun},
+  year = {2009},
+  collaborator = {Farocki, Harun}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{farockiEyeMachine2000,
+  title = {Eye/Machine},
+  author = {Farocki, Harun},
+  year = {2000},
+  url = {https://www.harunfarocki.de/installations/2000s/2000/eye-machine.html}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{farockiEyeMachineII2001,
+   title = {Eye/Machine II},
+  author = {Farocki, Harun},
+  year = {2001},
+  url = {https://www.harunfarocki.de/installations/2000s/2001/eye-machine-ii.html}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{farockiEyeMachineIII2003,
+  title = {Eye/Machine III},
+  author = {Farocki, Harun},
+  year = {2003},
+  url = {https://www.harunfarocki.de/installations/2000s/2003/eye-machine-iii.html}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{follisVisionTransterritoryBorders2017,
+  title = {Vision and Transterritory: The Borders of Europe},
+   shorttitle = {Vision and Transterritory},
+   author = {Follis, Karolina S.},
+   year = {2017},
    month = nov,
    volume = {42},
@@ Line 640: / Line 882: @@
    issn = {0162-2439},
    doi = {10.1177/0162243917715106},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243917715106},
+  urldate = {2020-12-21},
    abstract = {This essay is about the role of visual surveillance technologies in the policing of the external borders of the European Union (EU). Based on an analysis of documents published by EU institutions and independent organizations, I argue that these technological innovations fundamentally alter the nature of national borders. I discuss how new technologies of vision are deployed to transcend the physical limits of territories. In the last twenty years, EU member states and institutions have increasingly relied on various forms of remote tracking, including the use of drones for the purposes of monitoring frontier zones. In combination with other facets of the EU border management regime (such as transnational databases and biometrics), these technologies coalesce into a system of governance that has enabled intervention into neighboring territories and territorial waters of other states to track and target migrants for interception in the ``prefrontier.'' For jurisdictional reasons, this practice effectively precludes the enforcement of legal human rights obligations, which European states might otherwise have with regard to these persons. This article argues that this technologically mediated expansion of vision has become a key feature of post\textendash cold war governance of borders in Europe. The concept of transterritory is proposed to capture its effects.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/7KQIB9DH/Follis - 2017 - Vision and Transterritory The Borders of Europe.pdf},
    journal = {Science, Technology, \& Human Values},
    keywords = {borders,drones,European Union,Eurosur,surveillance},
@@ Line 649: / Line 892: @@
 }}
 {{#scite:
-  |bibtex=@article{forsterThinkingMakingUnmaking,
+  |bibtex=@misc{ForensicArchitecture.2011,
-   title = {Thinking {{Through Making}}: {{Unmaking}} and {{Remaking}} the {{Everyday}}},
+   title = {Torture in saydnaya prison},
-   shorttitle = {Thinking {{Through Making}}},
+   author = {{Forensic Architecture}},
-   author = {Forster, Andrew},
+   year = {2011},
-   abstract = {Unmaking making: This paper frames two overt suggestions in relation to design and design studies. Firstly, that design itself is the proper area of inquiry for thinking about what can be done with (or without) ideas like creativity and innovation as},
+   url = {https://forensic-architecture.org/investigation/saydnaya},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/3993YRRM/Thinking_Through_Making_Unmaking_and_Rem.pdf},
+   collaborator = {{Forensic Architecture}}
-   language = {en}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
-  |bibtex=@misc{FullAutomationFallacy2020,
+ |bibtex=@article{ForensicArchitecture.2018,
-   title = {The {{Full Automation Fallacy}}},
+  title = {Destruction and return in al-Araqib},
+  author = {{Forensic Architecture}},
+  editor = {{Forensic Architecture}},
+  year = {2018},
+  url = {https://forensic-architecture.org/investigation/destruction-and-return-in-al-araqib}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{forsterThinkingMakingUnmaking,
+  title = {Thinking Through Making: Unmaking and Remaking the Everyday},
+  shorttitle = {Thinking Through Making},
+  author = {Forster, Andrew},
+  url = {https://www.academia.edu/18763487/Thinking_Through_Making_Unmaking_and_Remaking_the_Everyday},
+  urldate = {2020-12-19},
+  abstract = {Unmaking making: This paper frames two overt suggestions in relation to design and design studies. Firstly, that design itself is the proper area of inquiry for thinking about what can be done with (or without) ideas like creativity and innovation as},
+  language = {en}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{France.2013,
+  title = {S\'ecurit\'e \'electronique et cyberguerre},
+  author = {France, Radio},
+  year = {2013}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{Free.2012,
+  title = {Religion\_and\_radicalisation.\_Ed\_Hussain\_and\_Mehdi\_Hasan\_discuss\_with\_Iain\_Dale},
+  author = {Free, Iain Dale Bitesize},
+  year = {2012},
+  publisher = {LBC Radio},
+  url = {http://lbc.audioagain.com/index.php}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+  |bibtex=@misc{FullAutomationFallacy2020,
+   title = {The Full Automation Fallacy},
    year = {2020},
    month = dec,
+  url = {https://futuresofwork.co.uk/2020/12/02/the-full-automation-fallacy/},
+  urldate = {2020-12-07},
    abstract = {We are at a critical moment, when digital technologies of automation, often referred to with buzzy vocabulary like ``algorithms'' and ``AI,'' are poised to transform work in a ``Fourth Industrial Revolu\ldots},
-  howpublished = {https://futuresofwork.co.uk/2020/12/02/the-full-automation-fallacy/},
    journal = {Futures of Work}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{Furtado.,
+  title = {Ilha das flores},
+  author = {Furtado, Jorge},
+  publisher = {Casa de Cinema de Porto Alegre}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{garforthVisibilitiesResearchSeeing2012,
-   title = {In/{{Visibilities}} of {{Research}}: {{Seeing}} and {{Knowing}} in {{STS}}},
+   title = {In/Visibilities of Research: Seeing and Knowing in STS},
-   shorttitle = {In/{{Visibilities}} of {{Research}}},
+   shorttitle = {In/Visibilities of Research},
    author = {Garforth, Lisa},
    year = {2012},
@@ Line 679: / Line 965: @@
    issn = {0162-2439},
    doi = {10.1177/0162243911409248},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243911409248},
+  urldate = {2020-12-21},
    abstract = {In science studies the laboratory has been positioned as a privileged place for understanding scientific practice. Laboratory studies foregrounded local spaces of knowledge production in the natural sciences, and in doing so made the laboratory key to social science epistemologies. This article explores how laboratory studies and observational methods have been tied up together in the science and technology studies (STS) project of making scientific practice visible. The author contrasts powerful rhetorics of witnessing and revelation in some significant STS texts with the negotiated and partial ways in which observing science work is done in social science practice. Drawing on empirical material generated with bioscientists and social scientists, the article explores how researchers may resist the observational gaze and mark aspects of knowledge work as private and solitary. The author concludes by arguing that epistemologies of vision point to some unsettling parallels between the study of knowledge-making in STS and audit regimes in contemporary research, and considers how both might devalue invisible work. This analysis suggests that there is a need to reconsider the significance of thinking in the ensemble of knowledge production practices for methodological, epistemological, and strategic reasons.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/HDRMS5QQ/Garforth - 2012 - InVisibilities of Research Seeing and Knowing in.pdf},
    journal = {Science, Technology, \& Human Values},
    keywords = {epistemology,methodologies,methods,space/place/scale dynamics},
@@ Line 689: / Line 976: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{gershgornExclusiveLiveFacial2020,
-   title = {Exclusive: {{Live Facial Recognition Is Coming}} to {{U}}.{{S}}. {{Police Body Cameras}}},
+   title = {Exclusive: Live Facial Recognition Is Coming to U.S. Police Body Cameras},
    shorttitle = {Exclusive},
    author = {Gershgorn, Dave},
    year = {2020},
    month = mar,
+  url = {https://onezero.medium.com/exclusive-live-facial-recognition-is-coming-to-u-s-police-body-cameras-bc9036918ae0},
+  urldate = {2020-03-05},
    abstract = {Police cam manufacturer Wolfcom has contracts with 1,500 organizations},
    annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200305173758/https://onezero.medium.com/exclusive-live-facial-recognition-is-coming-to-u-s-police-body-cameras-bc9036918ae0},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/5QM2KNUY/exclusive-live-facial-recognition-is-coming-to-u-s-police-body-cameras-bc9036918ae0.html},
-  howpublished = {https://onezero.medium.com/exclusive-live-facial-recognition-is-coming-to-u-s-police-body-cameras-bc9036918ae0},
    journal = {Medium},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 704: / Line 991: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{gilliardFacialRecognitionTechnology2021,
-   title = {Facial {{Recognition Technology Isn}}'t {{Good Just Because It}}'s {{Used}} to {{Arrest Neo}}-{{Nazis}}},
+   title = {Facial Recognition Technology Isn't Good Just Because It's Used to Arrest Neo-Nazis},
    author = {Gilliard, Chris, Joan Donovan},
    year = {2021},
    month = jan,
+  url = {https://slate.com/technology/2021/01/facial-recognition-technology-capitol-siege.html},
+  urldate = {2021-01-24},
    abstract = {Crisis is often used to increase the reach of surveillance technologies.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/9ARUZGRV/facial-recognition-technology-capitol-siege.html},
-  howpublished = {https://slate.com/technology/2021/01/facial-recognition-technology-capitol-siege.html},
    journal = {Slate Magazine},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 717: / Line 1,004: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{gilmerClearviewAIFacialrecognition,
-   title = {Clearview {{AI}}, the Facial-Recognition Company Stealing {{Facebook}} Photos, Gets Hacked},
+   title = {Clearview AI, the facial-recognition company stealing Facebook photos, gets hacked},
    author = {Gilmer, Marcus},
+  url = {https://mashable.com/article/clearview-ai-client-list-hacked/},
+  urldate = {2020-02-27},
    abstract = {You had one job!},
    annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200227062724/https://mashable.com/article/clearview-ai-client-list-hacked/},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/DUE95YUX/clearview-ai-client-list-hacked.html},
-  howpublished = {https://mashable.com/article/clearview-ai-client-list-hacked/},
    journal = {Mashable},
    language = {en}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{GoogleWorldBrain2013,
+  title = {Google \& the world brain},
+  year = {2013},
+  keywords = {RV-watched}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{grommePopulationGeometriesEurope2020,
-   title = {Population {{Geometries}} of {{Europe}}: {{The Topologies}} of {{Data Cubes}} and {{Grids}}},
+   title = {Population Geometries of Europe: The Topologies of Data Cubes and Grids},
-   shorttitle = {Population {{Geometries}} of {{Europe}}},
+   shorttitle = {Population Geometries of Europe},
    author = {Gromm{\'e}, Francisca and Ruppert, Evelyn},
    year = {2020},
@@ Line 738: / Line 1,032: @@
    issn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},
    doi = {10.1177/0162243919835302},
+  url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243919835302},
+  urldate = {2021-01-26},
    abstract = {The political integration of the European Union (EU) is fragile for many reasons, not least the reassertion of nationalism. That said, if we examine specific practices and infrastructures, a more complicated story emerges. We juxtapose the political fragility of the EU in relation to the ongoing formation of data infrastructures in official statistics that take part in postnational enactments of Europe's populations and territories. We develop this argument by analyzing transformations in how European populations are enacted through new technological infrastructures that seek to integrate national census data in ``cubes'' of cross-tabulated social topics and spatial ``grids'' of maps. In doing so, these infrastructures give meaning to what ``is'' Europe in ways that are both old and new. Through standardization and harmonization of social and geographical spaces, ``old'' geometries of organizing and mapping populations are deployed along with ``new'' topological arrangements that mix and fold categories of population. Furthermore, we consider how grids and cubes are generative of methodological topologies by closing the distances or differences between methods and making their data equivalent. By paying attention to these practices and infrastructures, we examine how they enable reconfiguring what is known and imagined as Europe and how it is governed.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/HN5AJMTE/Grommé and Ruppert - 2020 - Population Geometries of Europe The Topologies of.pdf},
    journal = {Science, Technology, \& Human Values},
    language = {en},
@@ Line 747: / Line 1,042: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{grosmanPerspectivesAlgorithmicNormativities2019,
-   title = {Perspectives on Algorithmic Normativities: Engineers, Objects, Activities},
+   title = {Perspectives on algorithmic normativities: engineers, objects, activities},
-   shorttitle = {Perspectives on Algorithmic Normativities},
+   shorttitle = {Perspectives on algorithmic normativities},
    author = {Grosman, J{\'e}r{\'e}my and Reigeluth, Tyler},
    year = {2019},
@@ Line 754: / Line 1,049: @@
    volume = {6},
    pages = {2053951719858742},
-   publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
+   publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
    issn = {2053-9517},
    doi = {10.1177/2053951719858742},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951719858742},
+  urldate = {2021-01-13},
    abstract = {This contribution aims at proposing a framework for articulating different kinds of ``normativities'' that are and can be attributed to ``algorithmic systems.'' The technical normativity manifests itself through the lineage of technical objects. The norm expresses a technical scheme's becoming as it mutates through, but also resists, inventions. The genealogy of neural networks shall provide a powerful illustration of this dynamic by engaging with their concrete functioning as well as their unsuspected potentialities. The socio-technical normativity accounts for the manners in which engineers, as actors folded into socio-technical networks, willingly or unwittingly, infuse technical objects with values materialized in the system. Surveillance systems' design will serve here to instantiate the ongoing mediation through which algorithmic systems are endowed with specific capacities. The behavioral normativity is the normative activity, in which both organic and mechanical behaviors are actively participating, undoing the identification of machines with ``norm following,'' and organisms with ``norminstitution''. This proposition productively accounts for the singularity of machine learning algorithms, explored here through the case of recommender systems. The paper will provide substantial discussions of the notions of ``normative'' by cutting across history and philosophy of science, legal, and critical theory, as well as ``algorithmics,'' and by confronting our studies led in engineering laboratories with critical algorithm studies.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/R3RV4E95/Grosman_Reigeluth_2019_Perspectives on algorithmic normativities.pdf},
    journal = {Big Data \& Society},
    keywords = {behavioral normativity,Gilbert Simondon,Machine learning,neural networks,socio-technical normativity,technical normativity},
@@ Line 766: / Line 1,062: @@
 }}
 {{#scite:
-  |bibtex=@article{guoMSCeleb1MDatasetBenchmark2016,
+  |bibtex=@misc{guinnessTechnopoliceCallingOut,
-   title = {{{MS}}-{{Celeb}}-{{1M}}: {{A Dataset}} and {{Benchmark}} for {{Large}}-{{Scale Face Recognition}}},
+   title = {Technopolice: calling out so-called "Safe Cities"},
-   shorttitle = {{{MS}}-{{Celeb}}-{{1M}}},
+  shorttitle = {Technopolice},
+  author = {Guinness},
+  url = {/v/Camp2019-10329-technopolice_calling_out_so-called_safe_cities},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
+  abstract = {In many French cities (and beyond), mayors are pushing towards "safe Smart Cities", pushing for technology everywhere. Microphones, video...},
+  language = {en}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{guoMSCeleb1MDatasetBenchmark2016,
+  title = {MS-Celeb-1M: A Dataset and Benchmark for Large-Scale Face Recognition},
+   shorttitle = {MS-Celeb-1M},
    author = {Guo, Yandong and Zhang, Lei and Hu, Yuxiao and He, Xiaodong and Gao, Jianfeng},
    year = {2016},
    month = jul,
+  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.08221},
+  urldate = {2020-11-18},
    abstract = {In this paper, we design a benchmark task and provide the associated datasets for recognizing face images and link them to corresponding entity keys in a knowledge base. More specifically, we propose a benchmark task to recognize one million celebrities from their face images, by using all the possibly collected face images of this individual on the web as training data. The rich information provided by the knowledge base helps to conduct disambiguation and improve the recognition accuracy, and contributes to various real-world applications, such as image captioning and news video analysis. Associated with this task, we design and provide concrete measurement set, evaluation protocol, as well as training data. We also present in details our experiment setup and report promising baseline results. Our benchmark task could lead to one of the largest classification problems in computer vision. To the best of our knowledge, our training dataset, which contains 10M images in version 1, is the largest publicly available one in the world.},
    archivePrefix = {arXiv},
    eprint = {1607.08221},
    eprinttype = {arxiv},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/5ZZ69Q3B/Guo et al_2016_MS-Celeb-1M.pdf;/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/EAJQI2MR/1607.html},
    journal = {arXiv:1607.08221 [cs]},
    keywords = {Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
    primaryClass = {cs}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{hallCriticalVisualizationCase2015,
+  title = {Critical visualization: a case for rethinking how we visualize risk and security},
+  shorttitle = {Critical visualization},
+  author = {Hall, Peter and Heath, Claude and {Coles-Kemp}, Lizzie},
+  year = {2015},
+  month = sep,
+  volume = {1},
+  pages = {93--108},
+  issn = {2057-2085},
+  doi = {10.1093/cybsec/tyv004},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyv004},
+  urldate = {2021-02-12},
+  abstract = {In an era of high-profile hacks, information leaks and cybercrime, cybersecurity is the focus of much corporate and state-funded research. Data visualization is regarded as an important tool in the detection and prediction of risk and vulnerability in cybersecurity, but discussion tends to remain at the level of the usability of visualization tools and how to reduce the cognitive load on the consumers of the visualizations. This focus is rooted in a desire to simplify the complexity of cybersecurity. This article argues that while usability and simplification are important goals for the designers of visualizations, there is a much wider discussion that needs to take place about the underlying narratives upon which these visualizations are based. The authors take the position that the narratives on which cybersecurity visualizations are based ignore important aspects of cybersecurity and that their visual form causes the producers and users of these visualizations to focus too narrowly on adversarial security issues, ignoring important aspects of social and community-based security. By situating the discussion of security visualization in a larger socio-historical context, the limitations and implications of current ways of seeing risk become more apparent. Cybersecurity might also learn from other disciplines, specifically critiques of artificial intelligence and the discourse and methods of post-war urban planning. In this way, the article follows a humanities tradition of situating the focus of analysis in a broader tradition of scholarship and critiquing current practices from this wider context. The purpose of such critique is to stimulate reflection on underlying principles and the implications of different approaches to operationalizing those principles. Finally, case studies of participatory modelling and crowdsourcing projects are discussed that aim to foster resilience through social and spatial practices. These case studies illustrate the potential for a wider range of visualizations.},
+  journal = {Journal of Cybersecurity},
+  number = {1}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{hallCriticalVisualizationCase2015a,
+  title = {Critical visualization: a case for rethinking how we visualize risk and security},
+  shorttitle = {Critical visualization},
+  author = {Hall, Peter and Heath, Claude and {Coles-Kemp}, Lizzie},
+  year = {2015},
+  month = sep,
+  volume = {1},
+  pages = {93--108},
+  issn = {2057-2085},
+  doi = {10.1093/cybsec/tyv004},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyv004},
+  urldate = {2021-02-12},
+  abstract = {In an era of high-profile hacks, information leaks and cybercrime, cybersecurity is the focus of much corporate and state-funded research. Data visualization is regarded as an important tool in the detection and prediction of risk and vulnerability in cybersecurity, but discussion tends to remain at the level of the usability of visualization tools and how to reduce the cognitive load on the consumers of the visualizations. This focus is rooted in a desire to simplify the complexity of cybersecurity. This article argues that while usability and simplification are important goals for the designers of visualizations, there is a much wider discussion that needs to take place about the underlying narratives upon which these visualizations are based. The authors take the position that the narratives on which cybersecurity visualizations are based ignore important aspects of cybersecurity and that their visual form causes the producers and users of these visualizations to focus too narrowly on adversarial security issues, ignoring important aspects of social and community-based security. By situating the discussion of security visualization in a larger socio-historical context, the limitations and implications of current ways of seeing risk become more apparent. Cybersecurity might also learn from other disciplines, specifically critiques of artificial intelligence and the discourse and methods of post-war urban planning. In this way, the article follows a humanities tradition of situating the focus of analysis in a broader tradition of scholarship and critiquing current practices from this wider context. The purpose of such critique is to stimulate reflection on underlying principles and the implications of different approaches to operationalizing those principles. Finally, case studies of participatory modelling and crowdsourcing projects are discussed that aim to foster resilience through social and spatial practices. These case studies illustrate the potential for a wider range of visualizations.},
+  journal = {Journal of Cybersecurity},
+  number = {1}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{Hammer.2017,
+  title = {Escape from syria: Rania's odyssey},
+  author = {Hammer, Anders},
+  editor = {Hammer, Anders},
+  year = {2017},
+  publisher = {The Guardian},
+  address = {London},
+  url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDHwt-ooAi4}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{harveyAllmodelsAiDataset,
-   title = {[Allmodels.Ai] {{Dataset Retractions}}},
+   title = {[allmodels.ai] Dataset Retractions},
-   author = {Harvey, Adam},
+   author = {Harvey, Adam}
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/FNDDXF86/allmodils - Dataset Retractions.pdf}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{harveyExposingAi,
-   title = {Exposing.Ai},
+   title = {Exposing.ai},
    author = {Harvey, Adam},
+  url = {https://exposing.ai/},
+  urldate = {2021-01-31},
    abstract = {Exposing.ai: Check if your photos were used in AI surveillance research projects},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/G3HGTTZK/exposing.ai.html},
-  howpublished = {https://exposing.ai/},
    journal = {Exposing.ai}
 }
@@ Line 801: / Line 1,155: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{harveyMegaPixels,
-   title = {{{MegaPixels}}},
+   title = {MegaPixels},
    author = {Harvey, Adam},
+  url = {https://megapixels.cc/},
+  urldate = {2021-01-26},
    abstract = {Face Recognition Datasets},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/XC39ZA6L/megapixels.cc.html},
-  howpublished = {https://megapixels.cc/},
    journal = {MegaPixels}
 }
@@ Line 811: / Line 1,165: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{harwellICEHasRun,
-   title = {{{ICE}} Has Run Facial-Recognition Searches on Millions of {{Maryland}} Drivers},
+   title = {ICE has run facial-recognition searches on millions of Maryland drivers},
    author = {Harwell, Drew},
+  url = {https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/02/26/ice-has-run-facial-recognition-searches-millions-maryland-drivers/},
+  urldate = {2020-02-27},
    abstract = {The direct and largely unlimited access granted to immigration-enforcement officials marks an aggressive new step for the federal agency in regard to Americans' photos and personal data. It also raises the risk that undocumented immigrants who applied for driver's licenses under the state's landmark program could have been targeted.},
    annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200227062735/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/02/26/ice-has-run-facial-recognition-searches-millions-maryland-drivers/},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/WQ9BMM4K/ice-has-run-facial-recognition-searches-millions-maryland-drivers.html},
-  howpublished = {https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/02/26/ice-has-run-facial-recognition-searches-millions-maryland-drivers/},
    journal = {Washington Post},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 823: / Line 1,177: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{hekkanenFieldsNetworksFinnish,
-   title = {Fields, {{Networks}} and {{Finnish}} Prose: {{A Comparison}} of {{Bourdieusian Field Theory}} and {{Actor}}-{{Network Theory}} in {{Translation Sociology}}},
+   title = {Fields, Networks and Finnish prose: A Comparison of Bourdieusian Field Theory and Actor-Network Theory in Translation Sociology},
    author = {Hekkanen, Raila},
    pages = {22},
    abstract = {This article discusses and compares two sociological theoretical frameworks, Pierre Bourdieu's field theory and the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) proposed by e.g. Bruno Latour. The former framework has been widely used in Translation Studies, while the latter has been introduced much more recently but is now gaining ground. The two approaches are compared with reference to a specific translation situation, the translation of Finnish prose literature into English in the UK. The comparison shows that the ANT model is better suited for analysing the structural context in which translation activity takes place, while the Bourdieusian model provides better opportunities for analysing individual translators' practices through the concept of habitus. The most in-depth results can thus be obtained by combining the two approaches.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/3HA9WCQS/Hekkanen - Fields, Networks and Finnish prose A Comparison o.pdf},
    language = {en}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{Henno.2016,
+  title = {Koropa},
+  author = {Henno, Laura},
+  year = {2016},
+  publisher = {Spectre Production},
+  collaborator = {Henno, Laura}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{herceDeadSlowAhead2016,
-   title = {Dead {{Slow Ahead}}},
+   title = {Dead Slow Ahead},
    author = {Herce, Mauro},
    year = {2016},
    month = oct,
-   publisher = {{El Viaje Films,  Nanouk Films}},
+   publisher = {El Viaje Films,  Nanouk Films},
    annotation = {IMDb ID: tt4881208 event-location: Spain},
    collaborator = {Herce, Mauro and Rivas, Manuel Mu{\~n}oz},
    keywords = {atlantic ocean,experimental film,ocean,telephone conversation,voice over},
-   type = {Documentary, {{Drama}}, {{Horror}}, {{Mystery}}, {{Sci}}-{{Fi}}}
+   type = {Documentary, Drama, Horror, Mystery, Sci-Fi}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{hillWrongfullyAccusedAlgorithm2020,
-   title = {Wrongfully {{Accused}} by an {{Algorithm}}},
+   title = {Wrongfully Accused by an Algorithm},
    author = {Hill, Kashmir},
    year = {2020},
    month = jun,
    issn = {0362-4331},
+  url = {https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/24/technology/facial-recognition-arrest.html},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    abstract = {In what may be the first known case of its kind, a faulty facial recognition match led to a Michigan man's arrest for a crime he did not commit.},
    chapter = {Technology},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/KQTN3ARB/facial-recognition-arrest.html},
    journal = {The New York Times},
    keywords = {Black People,Detroit (Mich),Discrimination,Facial Recognition Software,False Arrests; Convictions and Imprisonments,FR-Read,Police,Williams; Robert Julian-Borchak},
@@ Line 861: / Line 1,224: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{hollanekAITransparencyMatter2020a,
-   title = {{{AI}} Transparency: A Matter of Reconciling Design with Critique},
+   title = {AI transparency: a matter of reconciling design with critique},
-   shorttitle = {{{AI}} Transparency},
+   shorttitle = {AI transparency},
    author = {Hollanek, Tomasz},
    year = {2020},
@@ Line 868: / Line 1,231: @@
    issn = {1435-5655},
    doi = {10.1007/s00146-020-01110-y},
+  url = {10.1007/s00146-020-01110-y},
+  urldate = {2020-11-19},
    abstract = {In the late 2010s, various international committees, expert groups, and national strategy boards have voiced the demand to `open' the algorithmic black box, to audit, expound, and demystify artificial intelligence. The opening of the algorithmic black box, however, cannot be seen only as an engineering challenge. In this article, I argue that only the sort of transparency that arises from critique\textemdash a method of theoretical examination that, by revealing pre-existing power structures, aims to challenge them\textemdash can help us produce technological systems that are less deceptive and more just. I relate the question of AI transparency to the broader challenge of responsible making, contending that future action must aim to systematically reconcile design\textemdash as a way of concealing\textemdash with critique\textemdash as a manner of revealing.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/UIXEFACZ/Hollanek_2020_AI transparency.pdf},
    journal = {AI \& SOCIETY},
    keywords = {classified},
@@ Line 877: / Line 1,241: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{hornborgMachinesManifestationsGlobal2020,
-   title = {Machines as Manifestations of Global Systems: {{Steps}} toward a Sociometabolic Ontology of Technology},
+   title = {Machines as manifestations of global systems: Steps toward a sociometabolic ontology of technology},
-   shorttitle = {Machines as Manifestations of Global Systems},
+   shorttitle = {Machines as manifestations of global systems},
    author = {Hornborg, Alf},
    year = {2020},
    month = nov,
    pages = {1463499620959247},
-   publisher = {{SAGE Publications}},
+   publisher = {SAGE Publications},
    issn = {1463-4996},
    doi = {10.1177/1463499620959247},
+  url = {10.1177/1463499620959247},
+  urldate = {2020-12-02},
    abstract = {Anthropologists have generally found it reasonable to understand the Industrial Revolution in Britain as a product of global historical processes including colonialism and the structure of world trade. The extent to which the industrialization of British textile production was contingent on global processes has been illuminated in detail by historians such as Joseph Inikori. Andre Gunder Frank proposed that we should reconceptualize technological development as a `world economic process, which took place in and because of the structure of the world economy'. Yet the theoretical implications of understanding industrial technological systems as global and unevenly distributed phenomena have, by and large, not contaminated mainstream conceptions of technologies as politically neutral and fundamentally innocent manifestations of enlightenment, detachable from the societal contexts in which they have emerged. Social theory nevertheless offers perspectives for a radical rethinking of this conventional ontology of modern technology. If the premises of actor\textendash network theory, material culture studies, Marxism and poststructuralist critiques of power and inequalities are combined with the perspectives of ecological economics on global social metabolism, the fossil-fuelled textile factories of 19th-century Britain can be reinterpreted as social instruments for appropriating embodied human labour and natural space from elsewhere in the global system. A renewed `anthropology of technology' might focus on the observation that technology is not simply a matter of putting nature to work, but a strategy of putting other sectors of global society to work.1},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/RAM5MI2K/Hornborg 2020 - Machines as manifestations of global systems.pdf},
    journal = {Anthropological Theory},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 894: / Line 1,259: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{HotelPoliceMunicipale2020,
-   title = {{Un h\^otel de Police Municipale flambant neuf avec un CSU dernier cri}},
+   title = {Un h\^otel de Police Municipale flambant neuf avec un CSU dernier cri},
    year = {2020},
    month = jan,
+  url = {https://www.roubaixxl.fr/un-hotel-de-police-municipale-flambant-neuf-avec-un-csu-dernier-cri/},
+  urldate = {2020-02-18},
    abstract = {L'h\^otel de Police Municipale flambant neuf, rue du mar\'echal Foch, a \'et\'e inaugur\'e jeudi 16 janvier. Un \'equipement spacieux et fonctionnel qui accueille au deuxi\`eme \'etage le tr\`es moderne Centre de Supervision Urbain (CSU) et ses \'ecrans high-tech.},
    annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200218075616/https://www.roubaixxl.fr/un-hotel-de-police-municipale-flambant-neuf-avec-un-csu-dernier-cri/},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/VRUCPM64/un-hotel-de-police-municipale-flambant-neuf-avec-un-csu-dernier-cri.html},
    journal = {ROUBAIXXL},
    language = {fr-FR}
@@ Line 906: / Line 1,272: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{HowDutchActivists,
-   title = {How {{Dutch}} Activists Got an Invasive Fraud Detection Algorithm Banned},
+   title = {How Dutch activists got an invasive fraud detection algorithm banned},
+  url = {https://algorithmwatch.org/en/story/syri-netherlands-algorithm/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    abstract = {The Dutch government has been using SyRI, a secret algorithm, to detect possible social welfare fraud. Civil rights activists have taken the matter to court and managed to get public organizations to think about less repressive alternatives.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/UENPICQR/syri-netherlands-algorithm.html},
-  howpublished = {https://algorithmwatch.org/en/story/syri-netherlands-algorithm/},
    journal = {AlgorithmWatch},
    keywords = {FR-Inbox},
@@ Line 917: / Line 1,283: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{HowEuropeAI2019,
-   title = {How {{Europe}}'s {{AI}} Ecosystem Could Catch up with {{China}} and the {{U}}.{{S}}.},
+   title = {How Europe's AI ecosystem could catch up with China and the U.S.},
    year = {2019},
    month = oct,
+  url = {https://venturebeat.com/2019/10/01/how-europes-ai-ecosystem-could-catch-up-with-china-and-the-u-s/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    abstract = {Europe's AI ecosystem wants to catch up with the United States and China, and startups, analysts, and business leaders talked about how to do it at TechBBQ.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/TWNEUTYZ/how-europes-ai-ecosystem-could-catch-up-with-china-and-the-u-s.html},
    journal = {VentureBeat},
    keywords = {FR-Read},
@@ Line 929: / Line 1,296: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{HowFacialRecognition2019,
-   title = {How Facial Recognition Is Taking over a {{French}} City},
+   title = {How facial recognition is taking over a French city},
    year = {2019},
    month = sep,
+  url = {https://www.politico.eu/article/how-facial-recognition-is-taking-over-a-french-riviera-city/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    abstract = {European authorities are competing to deploy facial recognition tech. Nice in southern France is in the lead.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/MQX7P6FU/how-facial-recognition-is-taking-over-a-french-riviera-city.html},
-  howpublished = {https://www.politico.eu/article/how-facial-recognition-is-taking-over-a-french-riviera-city/},
    journal = {POLITICO},
    keywords = {FR-Inbox},
@@ Line 942: / Line 1,309: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{HowMachineLearns,
-   title = {How a {{Machine Learns}} and {{Fails}} \textendash{} {{A Grammar}} of {{Error}} for {{Artificial Intelligence}} \textendash{} Spheres},
+   title = {How a Machine Learns and Fails \textendash{} A Grammar of Error for Artificial Intelligence \textendash{} spheres},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/LD4D5ENZ/How a Machine Learns and Fails – A Grammar of Error for Artificial Intelligence.pdf;/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/DFCN8HI4/how-a-machine-learns-and-fails-a-grammar-of-error-for-artificial-intelligence.html},
+   url = {https://spheres-journal.org/contribution/how-a-machine-learns-and-fails-a-grammar-of-error-for-artificial-intelligence/},
+  urldate = {2021-01-13},
    language = {en-US}
 }
@@ Line 949: / Line 1,317: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{hseartanddesignschoolLevManovichArtificial2020,
-   title = {Lev {{Manovich}} `{{Artificial Intelligence}}, {{Aesthetics}}, and {{Future}} of {{Culture}}'},
+   title = {Lev Manovich `Artificial Intelligence, Aesthetics, and Future of Culture'},
    author = {{HSE ART AND DESIGN SCHOOL}},
    year = {2020},
    month = nov,
+  url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6t6ZpNHYa5M},
+  urldate = {2020-12-02},
    abstract = {While debates on questions such as \guillemotleft will AI replace artists\guillemotright{} and \guillemotleft can AI be truly creative\guillemotright{} continue, AI has already been shaping contemporary global culture for a number of years. Examples include systems that model our taste and aesthetic preferences, recommending books, music, and movies, enhancing photos, designing websites and data visualizations, writing newspaper articles, making movie trailers, TV scripts, etc. If contemporary culture is organized around templates, conventions, and vocabularies of repeated elements, why its creation has not been automated a long time ago? Is there any data to suggest that AI culture automation will contribute to a decrease in cultural diversity over time? Or does it on the contrary increases cultural diversity? Can we imagine what design, media, and art we will have in 20-30 years? What do you need to learn now to be the leading designer in future decades when AI is more advanced? And what about \guillemotleft general-purpose cultural artificial intelligence\guillemotright{} \textemdash{} will it ever be achieved, and what it may look like?}
 }
@@ Line 958: / Line 1,328: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{hvistendahljanuary302021HowLAPDPalantir,
-   title = {How the {{LAPD}} and {{Palantir Use Data}} to {{Justify Racist Policing}}},
+   title = {How the LAPD and Palantir Use Data to Justify Racist Policing},
    author = {HvistendahlJanuary 30 2021, Mara HvistendahlMara and P.m, 1:00},
+  url = {https://theintercept.com/2021/01/30/lapd-palantir-data-driven-policing/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-04},
    abstract = {In a new book, a sociologist who spent months embedded with the LAPD details how data-driven policing techwashes bias.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/QV5QPFUL/lapd-palantir-data-driven-policing.html},
-  howpublished = {https://theintercept.com/2021/01/30/lapd-palantir-data-driven-policing/},
    journal = {The Intercept},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 969: / Line 1,339: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@book{ImprovisingTheory,
-   title = {Improvising {{Theory}}},
+   title = {Improvising Theory},
-   abstract = {Scholars have long recognized that ethnographic method is bound up with the construction of theory in ways that are difficult to teach. The reason, Allaine Cerwonka and Liisa H. Malkki argue, is that ethnographic theorization is essentially improvisatory in nature, conducted in real time and in necessarily unpredictable social situations. In a unique account of, and critical reflection on, the process of theoretical improvisation in ethnographic research, they demonstrate how both objects of analysis, and our ways of knowing and explaining them, are created and discovered in the give and take of real life, in all its unpredictability and immediacy.Improvising Theory centers on the year-long correspondence between Cerwonka, then a graduate student in political science conducting research in Australia, and her anthropologist mentor, Malkki. Through regular e-mail exchanges, Malkki attempted to teach Cerwonka, then new to the discipline, the basic tools and subtle intuition needed for anthropological fieldwork. The result is a strikingly original dissection of the processual ethics and politics of method in ethnography.},
+  url = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/I/bo5417893.html},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/2SISML8K/bo5417893.html}
+  urldate = {2021-01-14},
+   abstract = {Scholars have long recognized that ethnographic method is bound up with the construction of theory in ways that are difficult to teach. The reason, Allaine Cerwonka and Liisa H. Malkki argue, is that ethnographic theorization is essentially improvisatory in nature, conducted in real time and in necessarily unpredictable social situations. In a unique account of, and critical reflection on, the process of theoretical improvisation in ethnographic research, they demonstrate how both objects of analysis, and our ways of knowing and explaining them, are created and discovered in the give and take of real life, in all its unpredictability and immediacy.Improvising Theory centers on the year-long correspondence between Cerwonka, then a graduate student in political science conducting research in Australia, and her anthropologist mentor, Malkki. Through regular e-mail exchanges, Malkki attempted to teach Cerwonka, then new to the discipline, the basic tools and subtle intuition needed for anthropological fieldwork. The result is a strikingly original dissection of the processual ethics and politics of method in ethnography.}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{IndexPhpMb,
-   title = {Index.Php of Mb.Nl},
+   title = {index.php of mb.nl},
-   howpublished = {http://213.167.241.137/\textasciitilde mb/}
+   url = {http://213.167.241.137/~mb/},
+  urldate = {2020-11-03}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{InheritingPossibility,
-   title = {Inheriting {{Possibility}}},
+   title = {Inheriting Possibility},
+  url = {https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/inheriting-possibility},
+  urldate = {2021-01-20},
    abstract = {Outstanding Book Award from the American Educational Research Association: From the SAT to social mobility statistics, examining quantitative measurements of human learning and development while rethinking their possibilities},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/DXMUA4SE/inheriting-possibility.html},
-  howpublished = {https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/inheriting-possibility},
    journal = {University of Minnesota Press},
    language = {en},
@@ Line 993: / Line 1,365: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{InstituteNetworkCultures,
-   title = {Institute of {{Network Cultures}} | {{From Opinions}} to {{Images}}: {{Essays Towards}} a {{Sociology}} of {{Affects}}},
+   title = {Institute of Network Cultures | From Opinions to Images: Essays Towards a Sociology of Affects},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/2TKBM7J4/tod37-from-opinions-to-images-essays-towards-a-sociology-of-affects.html},
+   url = {https://networkcultures.org/blog/publication/tod37-from-opinions-to-images-essays-towards-a-sociology-of-affects/},
-   howpublished = {https://networkcultures.org/blog/publication/tod37-from-opinions-to-images-essays-towards-a-sociology-of-affects/}
+   urldate = {2021-01-06}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{InvestigationsForensicArchitecture,
-   title = {Investigations {$\leftarrow$} {{Forensic Architecture}}},
+   title = {Investigations {$\leftarrow$} Forensic Architecture},
-   howpublished = {https://forensic-architecture.org/}
+   url = {https://forensic-architecture.org/},
+  urldate = {2020-11-03}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{isinBirthSensoryPower2020,
-   title = {The Birth of Sensory Power: {{How}} a Pandemic Made It Visible?},
+   title = {The birth of sensory power: How a pandemic made it visible?},
-   shorttitle = {The Birth of Sensory Power},
+   shorttitle = {The birth of sensory power},
    author = {Isin, Engin and Ruppert, Evelyn},
    year = {2020},
@@ Line 1,013: / Line 1,386: @@
    volume = {7},
    pages = {2053951720969208},
-   publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
+   publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
    issn = {2053-9517},
    doi = {10.1177/2053951720969208},
+  url = {10.1177/2053951720969208},
+  urldate = {2020-11-23},
    abstract = {Much has been written about data politics in the last decade, which has generated myriad concepts such as `surveillance capitalism', `gig economy', `quantified self', `algorithmic governmentality', `data colonialism', `data subjects' and `digital citizens'. Yet, it has been difficult to plot these concepts into an historical series to discern specific continuities and discontinuities since the origins of modern power in its three major forms: sovereign, disciplinary and regulatory. This article argues that the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 brought these three forms of power into sharp relief but made particularly visible a fourth form of power that we name `sensory power', which has been emerging since the 1980s. The article draws on early studies of power by Michel Foucault, subsequent studies on biopower and biopolitics that expanded on them, and studies in the past decade that focused on data produced from apps, devices and platforms. Yet, despite its ambition, the article is inevitably an outline of a much larger project.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/Z4DFQ8SM/Isin_Ruppert_2020_The birth of sensory power.pdf},
    journal = {Big Data \& Society},
    language = {en},
@@ Line 1,025: / Line 1,399: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{jewittExploringMethodologicalInnovation2017,
-   title = {Exploring Methodological Innovation in the Social Sciences: The Body in Digital Environments and the Arts},
+   title = {Exploring methodological innovation in the social sciences: the body in digital environments and the arts},
-   shorttitle = {Exploring Methodological Innovation in the Social Sciences},
+   shorttitle = {Exploring methodological innovation in the social sciences},
    author = {Jewitt, Carey and Xambo, Anna and Price, Sara},
    year = {2017},
@@ Line 1,032: / Line 1,406: @@
    volume = {20},
    pages = {105--120},
-   publisher = {{Routledge}},
+   publisher = {Routledge},
    issn = {1364-5579},
    doi = {10.1080/13645579.2015.1129143},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2015.1129143},
+  urldate = {2021-01-13},
    abstract = {In this paper we examine methodological innovation in the social sciences through a focus on researching the body in digital environments. There are two strands to our argument as to why this is a useful site to explore methodological innovation in the social sciences. First, researching the body in digital environments places new methodological demands on social science. Second, as an area of interest at the intersection of the social sciences and the arts, it provides a focus for exploring how social science innovation can be informed by engagement with the arts, in this instance how the arts work with the body in digital environments and take up social science ideas in novel ways. We argue that social science engagement with the arts and the relatively unmapped terrain of the body in digital environments has the potential to open up spaces for innovative social science questions and methods: spaces, questions and methods that have potential for more general social science methodological innovation. We draw on the findings of the Methodological Innovation in Digital Arts and Social Sciences (MIDAS) project a multi-site ethnography of the research ecologies of the social sciences and the arts related to the body in digital environments. We propose a continuum of methodological innovation that attends to how methods are moved across research contexts and disciplines, in this instance the social sciences and the digital arts. We illustrate and discuss the innovative potential of expanding and re-situating methods across the social sciences and the arts, the transfer of methods and concepts across disciplinary borders and the interdisciplinary generation of new methods. We discuss the catalysts and challenges for social science methodological innovation in relation to the digital and the arts, with attention to how the social sciences might engage with the arts towards innovative research.},
    annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2015.1129143},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/ZCV67AJF/Jewitt et al_2017_Exploring methodological innovation in the social sciences.pdf;/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/GTFSBRRG/13645579.2015.html},
    journal = {International Journal of Social Research Methodology},
    keywords = {arts methods,body,digital technologies,Methodological innovation,social science methods},
@@ Line 1,045: / Line 1,420: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{kale-lostuvaliTwoSociologiesScience2016,
-   title = {Two {{Sociologies}} of {{Science}} in {{Search}} of {{Truth}}: {{Bourdieu Versus Latour}}},
+   title = {Two Sociologies of Science in Search of Truth: Bourdieu Versus Latour},
-   shorttitle = {Two {{Sociologies}} of {{Science}} in {{Search}} of {{Truth}}},
+   shorttitle = {Two Sociologies of Science in Search of Truth},
    author = {{Kale-Lostuvali}, Elif},
    year = {2016},
@@ Line 1,052: / Line 1,427: @@
    volume = {30},
    pages = {273--296},
-   publisher = {{Routledge}},
+   publisher = {Routledge},
    issn = {0269-1728},
    doi = {10.1080/02691728.2015.1015062},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2015.1015062},
+  urldate = {2021-02-03},
    abstract = {The sociology of science seeks to theorize the social conditioning of science. This theorizing seems to undermine the validity of scientific knowledge and lead to relativism. Bourdieu and Latour both attempt to develop a sociology of science that overcomes relativism but stipulate opposite conditions for the production of scientific truths: while Bourdieu emphasizes autonomy, Latour emphasizes associations. This is because they work with oppositional epistemological and ontological assumptions. In both theories, the notion of truth lacks an independent definition; it is derived from the theorist's position on rationalism and defined with reference to how it is produced. This interdependence creates a different problem in each case. Bourdieu's assertion that truths produced in relatively autonomous scientific fields are ``trans-historical'' remains an epistemological assertion. Latour's argument that truths are produced through associations fails to capture the different resources, distinctions and boundaries that help build credibility. Ultimately, both theories verge on providing an answer to the question of how science should be organized. Nonetheless, their comparison constitutes useful groundwork for future empirical studies.},
    annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2015.1015062},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/P8JX4FXS/02691728.2015.html},
    journal = {Social Epistemology},
    keywords = {Actor-network Theory,Relativism,Scientific Field,Sociology of Science,Truth},
@@ Line 1,064: / Line 1,440: @@
 }}
 {{#scite:
-  |bibtex=@misc{KnotWoodCall,
+  |bibtex=@article{Kanagasabapathy.2007,
-   title = {The {{Knot}} in the {{Wood}}: {{The Call}} to {{Multimodal Anthropology}}},
+   title = {Post-war identity re-construction in Kilinochchi, Sri Lanka negotiation of gendered identity between the local and diaspora community},
-   shorttitle = {The {{Knot}} in the {{Wood}}},
+  author = {Kanagasabapathy, Manivillie},
+  year = {2007},
+  publisher = {Library and Archives Canada = Biblioth\`eque et Archives Canada},
+  address = {Ottawa},
+  url = {http://books.google.nl/books?id=U7IpAQAAIAAJ&dq=intitle:Diaspora&hl=&cd=10&source=gbs_api}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{kantayyaCodedBias2020,
+  title = {Coded Bias},
+  author = {Kantayya, Shalini},
+  year = {2020},
+  abstract = {CODED BIAS explores the fallout of MIT Media Lab researcher Joy Buolamwini's startling discovery that facial recognition does not see dark-skinned faces accurately, and her journey to push for the first-ever legislation in the U.S. to govern against bias in the algorithms that impact us all.}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{KnotWoodCall,
+  title = {The Knot in the Wood: The Call to Multimodal Anthropology},
+   shorttitle = {The Knot in the Wood},
+  url = {http://www.americananthropologist.org/2018/06/05/the-knot-in-the-wood-the-call-to-multimodal-anthropology/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    abstract = {By Roxanne Varzi (University of California, Irvine) What I love most in Samuel Gerald Collins,},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/RIUPQSGZ/the-knot-in-the-wood-the-call-to-multimodal-anthropology.html},
    language = {en-US}
 }
@@ Line 1,074: / Line 1,469: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{knutsonSavingFaceUnconstitutional,
-   title = {Saving {{Face}}; {{The Unconstitutional Use}} of {{Facial Recognition}} on {{Undocumented Immigrants}} and {{Solutions}} in {{IP}}},
+   title = {Saving Face; The Unconstitutional Use of Facial Recognition on Undocumented Immigrants and Solutions in IP},
    author = {Knutson, Audrey},
    volume = {10},
    pages = {14},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/IDBN5KIW/Knutson - Saving Face\; The Unconstitutional Use of Facial Re.pdf},
    language = {en}
 }
@@ Line 1,084: / Line 1,478: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{krausScaryRevelations40,
-   title = {9 Scary Revelations from 40 Years of Facial Recognition Research},
+   title = {9 scary revelations from 40 years of facial recognition research},
    author = {Kraus, Rachel},
+  url = {https://mashable.com/article/facial-recognition-databases-privacy-study/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-07},
    abstract = {The largest study of facial recognition databases to date show its revealing origins and flaws.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/SA6JE9RW/facial-recognition-databases-privacy-study.html},
-  howpublished = {https://mashable.com/article/facial-recognition-databases-privacy-study/},
    journal = {Mashable},
    language = {en}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{kublerStateUrgencySurveillance2017,
+  title = {State of urgency: Surveillance, power, and algorithms in France's state of emergency},
+  shorttitle = {State of urgency},
+  author = {Kubler, Kyle},
+  year = {2017},
+  month = dec,
+  volume = {4},
+  pages = {2053951717736338},
+  publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
+  issn = {2053-9517},
+  doi = {10.1177/2053951717736338},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951717736338},
+  urldate = {2021-02-12},
+  abstract = {The recent terrorist attacks and ongoing state of emergency in France have brought questions of police surveillance into the public spotlight, making it increasingly important to understand how police attain data from citizens. Since 2005, the French police have been using IBM's computer program, i2 Analyst's Notebook, to aggregate information and craft criminal narratives. This technology serves to quickly connect suspects with crimes, looking for as many associations as possible, ranking and visualizing them based on level of importance. Recently, surveillance and state power have been theorized as having shifted to a posthegemonic, order. Drawing from literature on power, surveillance, and identity, this paper considers the various ways that algorithms can impact policing under a state of emergency by comparing the technical protocol of i2 Analyst's Notebook with the administrative protocol of the French state. Using i2 Analyst's Notebook as an example, this paper argues that posthegemonic theories of power have their place in determining how algorithms can be used for surveillance, but that they cannot completely explain their use under the state of emergency.},
+  journal = {Big Data \& Society},
+  keywords = {algorithm,France,i2 Analyst’s Notebook,police,state of emergency,Surveillance},
+  language = {en},
+  number = {2}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{leeseFixingStateVision2020,
-   title = {Fixing {{State Vision}}: {{Interoperability}}, {{Biometrics}}, and {{Identity Management}} in the {{EU}}},
+   title = {Fixing State Vision: Interoperability, Biometrics, and Identity Management in the EU},
-   shorttitle = {Fixing {{State Vision}}},
+   shorttitle = {Fixing State Vision},
    author = {Leese, Matthias},
    year = {2020},
@@ Line 1,102: / Line 1,517: @@
    volume = {0},
    pages = {1--21},
-   publisher = {{Routledge}},
+   publisher = {Routledge},
    issn = {1465-0045},
    doi = {10.1080/14650045.2020.1830764},
+  url = {10.1080/14650045.2020.1830764},
+  urldate = {2020-11-16},
    abstract = {Building on Scott's notion of identity as a key concept in early modern statehood, this paper historically contextualises and analyses the current political re-problematisation of identity in the EU. Engaging the recently adopted interoperability initiative that is set to biometrically verify and cross-validate identity records between all European border management, migration, and security databases, it argues that interoperability presents a shift from traditional modes of identity production at the border towards a digital space of identity management. Such identity management is predicated on the establishment of a biometric super-layer structure that cuts across databases without dissolving their legal foundations and introduces a new mode of `truth' production in the form of a dedicated `identity confirmation file' that is supposed to re-introduce a reliable baseline for the government of the Schengen area.},
    annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2020.1830764},
@@ Line 1,113: / Line 1,530: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{leonardCodeObsessedNovelistBuilds2020,
-   title = {A {{Code}}-{{Obsessed Novelist Builds}} a {{Writing Bot}}. {{The Plot Thickens}}},
+   title = {A Code-Obsessed Novelist Builds a Writing Bot. The Plot Thickens},
    author = {Leonard, Andrew},
    year = {2020},
    month = jun,
    issn = {1059-1028},
+  url = {https://www.wired.com/story/code-obsessed-novelist-builds-writing-bot-the-plot-thickens/},
+  urldate = {2020-02-26},
    abstract = {Vikram Chandra, the author of Sacred Games, created Granthika to keep track of complex narratives. It could change the future of storytelling.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/I9UGT65T/code-obsessed-novelist-builds-writing-bot-the-plot-thickens.html},
    journal = {Wired},
    keywords = {artificial intelligence,longreads},
    language = {en}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{levinsonSteelingUrFeelings2019,
+  title = {Steeling Ur Feelings},
+  author = {Levinson, Noah},
+  year = {2019},
+  url = {https://stealingurfeelin.gs/},
+  annotation = {Code at: https://github.com/noahlevenson/stealing-ur-feelings},
+  keywords = {RV-watched}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{lyonsExcavatingExcavatingAI2020,
-   title = {Excavating "{{Excavating AI}}": {{The Elephant}} in the {{Gallery}}},
+   title = {Excavating "Excavating AI": The Elephant in the Gallery},
-   shorttitle = {Excavating "{{Excavating AI}}"},
+   shorttitle = {Excavating "Excavating AI"},
    author = {Lyons, Michael J.},
    year = {2020},
    month = sep,
    doi = {10.5281/zenodo.4037538},
+  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.01215},
+  urldate = {2021-01-13},
    abstract = {Two art exhibitions, "Training Humans" and "Making Faces," and the accompanying essay "Excavating AI: The politics of images in machine learning training sets" by Kate Crawford and Trevor Paglen, are making substantial impact on discourse taking place in the social and mass media networks, and some scholarly circles. Critical scrutiny reveals, however, a self-contradictory stance regarding informed consent for the use of facial images, as well as serious flaws in their critique of ML training sets. Our analysis underlines the non-negotiability of informed consent when using human data in artistic and other contexts, and clarifies issues relating to the description of ML training sets.},
    archivePrefix = {arXiv},
    eprint = {2009.01215},
    eprinttype = {arxiv},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/Z7S5JZ6S/Lyons - 2020 - Excavating Excavating AI The Elephant in the Ga.pdf},
    journal = {arXiv:2009.01215 [cs]},
    keywords = {68T01,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,Computer Science - Computers and Society,Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction,Computer Science - Machine Learning,K.4.0},
@@ Line 1,146: / Line 1,575: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@book{mackenzieMachineLearnersArchaeology2017,
-   title = {Machine {{Learners}}: {{Archaeology}} of a {{Data Practice}}},
+   title = {Machine Learners: Archaeology of a Data Practice},
-   shorttitle = {Machine {{Learners}}},
+   shorttitle = {Machine Learners},
    author = {Mackenzie, Adrian},
    year = {2017},
-   publisher = {{The MIT Press}},
+   publisher = {The MIT Press},
    doi = {10.7551/mitpress/10302.001.0001},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/VKABMIRC/Mackenzie - 2017 - Machine Learners Archaeology of a Data Practice.pdf},
+   url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/book/3129/machine-learnersarchaeology-of-a-data-practice},
+  urldate = {2021-01-13},
    isbn = {978-0-262-34255-1},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 1,159: / Line 1,589: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{mackenziePlatformSeeingImage2019,
-   title = {Platform {{Seeing}}: {{Image Ensembles}} and {{Their Invisualities}}},
+   title = {Platform Seeing: Image Ensembles and Their Invisualities},
-   shorttitle = {Platform {{Seeing}}},
+   shorttitle = {Platform Seeing},
    author = {MacKenzie, Adrian and Munster, Anna},
    year = {2019},
@@ Line 1,168: / Line 1,598: @@
    issn = {0263-2764, 1460-3616},
    doi = {10.1177/0263276419847508},
+  url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0263276419847508},
+  urldate = {2020-12-28},
    abstract = {How can one `see' the operationalization of contemporary visual culture, given the imperceptibility and apparent automation of so many processes and dimensions of visuality? Seeing \textendash{} as a position from a singular mode of observation \textendash{} has become problematic since many visual elements, techniques, and forms of observing are highly distributed through data practices of collection, analysis and prediction. Such practices are subtended by visual cultural techniques that are grounded in the development of image collections, image formatting and hardware design. In this article, we analyze recent transformations in forms of prediction and data analytics associated with spectacular performances of computation. We analyze how transformations in the collection and accumulation of images as ensembles by platforms have a qualitative and material effect on the emergent sociotechnicality of platform `life' and `perception'. Reconstructing the visual transformations that allow artificial intelligence assemblages to operate allows some sense of their heteronomous materiality and contingency.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/JZ5MNPA9/MacKenzie and Munster - 2019 - Platform Seeing Image Ensembles and Their Invisua.pdf},
    journal = {Theory, Culture \& Society},
    language = {en},
@@ Line 1,177: / Line 1,608: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{mackenziePlatformSeeingImage2019a,
-   title = {Platform {{Seeing}}: {{Image Ensembles}} and {{Their Invisualities}}},
+   title = {Platform Seeing: Image Ensembles and Their Invisualities},
-   shorttitle = {Platform {{Seeing}}},
+   shorttitle = {Platform Seeing},
    author = {MacKenzie, Adrian and Munster, Anna},
    year = {2019},
@@ Line 1,186: / Line 1,617: @@
    issn = {0263-2764, 1460-3616},
    doi = {10.1177/0263276419847508},
+  url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0263276419847508},
+  urldate = {2020-12-28},
    abstract = {How can one `see' the operationalization of contemporary visual culture, given the imperceptibility and apparent automation of so many processes and dimensions of visuality? Seeing \textendash{} as a position from a singular mode of observation \textendash{} has become problematic since many visual elements, techniques, and forms of observing are highly distributed through data practices of collection, analysis and prediction. Such practices are subtended by visual cultural techniques that are grounded in the development of image collections, image formatting and hardware design. In this article, we analyze recent transformations in forms of prediction and data analytics associated with spectacular performances of computation. We analyze how transformations in the collection and accumulation of images as ensembles by platforms have a qualitative and material effect on the emergent sociotechnicality of platform `life' and `perception'. Reconstructing the visual transformations that allow artificial intelligence assemblages to operate allows some sense of their heteronomous materiality and contingency.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/8GL4V8CR/MacKenzie and Munster - 2019 - Platform Seeing Image Ensembles and Their Invisua.pdf},
    journal = {Theory, Culture \& Society},
    language = {en},
    number = {5}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{Maimbo.2005,
+  title = {Remittances : development impact and future prospects},
+  author = {Maimbo, Samuel Munzele and Ratha, Dilip and {World Bank Group}},
+  year = {2005},
+  publisher = {World Bank},
+  address = {Washington D C},
+  url = {Input this URL in a browser to get JPEG cover art data. http://firstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/DCARead?standardNoType=1&standardNo=0821357948:srcdbname=worldcat:fromExternal=true&sessionid=0}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{maleveDataSetRuins2020,
-   title = {On the Data Set's Ruins},
+   title = {On the data set's ruins},
    author = {Malev{\'e}, Nicolas},
    year = {2020},
@@ Line 1,201: / Line 1,643: @@
    issn = {1435-5655},
    doi = {10.1007/s00146-020-01093-w},
+  url = {10.1007/s00146-020-01093-w},
+  urldate = {2020-11-23},
    abstract = {Computer vision aims to produce an understanding of digital image's content and the generation or transformation of images through software. Today, a significant amount of computer vision algorithms rely on techniques of machine learning which require large amounts of data assembled in collections, or named data sets. To build these data sets a large population of precarious workers label and classify photographs around the clock at high speed. For computers to learn how to see, a scale articulates macro and micro dimensions: the millions of images culled from the internet with the few milliseconds given to the workers to perform a task for which they are paid a few cents. This paper engages in details with the production of this scale and the labour it relies on: its elaboration. This elaboration does not only require hands and retinas, it also crucially zes mobilises the photographic apparatus. To understand the specific character of the scale created by computer vision scientists, the paper compares it with a previous enterprise of scaling, Malraux's Le Mus\'ee Imaginaire, where photography was used as a device to undo the boundaries of the museum's collection and open it to an unlimited access to the world's visual production. Drawing on Douglas Crimp's argument that the ``mus\'ee imaginaire'', a hyperbole of the museum, relied simultaneously on the active role of the photographic apparatus for its existence and on its negation, the paper identifies a similar problem in computer vision's understanding of photography. The double dismissal of the role played by the workers and the agency of the photographic apparatus in the elaboration of computer vision foreground the inherent fragility of the edifice of machine vision and a necessary rethinking of its scale.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/39JPZ7JB/Malevé_2020_On the data set’s ruins.pdf},
    journal = {AI \& SOCIETY},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 1,209: / Line 1,652: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{ManyFacesFacial,
-   title = {The Many Faces of Facial Recognition in the {{EU}}},
+   title = {The many faces of facial recognition in the EU},
+  url = {https://edri.org/our-work/the-many-faces-of-facial-recognition-in-the-eu/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    abstract = {In this second installment of EDRi's facial recognition and fundamental rights series, we look at how different EU Member States, institutions and other countries worldwide are responding to the use of this tech in public spaces.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/2ZBTWMWD/the-many-faces-of-facial-recognition-in-the-eu.html},
-  howpublished = {https://edri.org/our-work/the-many-faces-of-facial-recognition-in-the-eu/},
    journal = {European Digital Rights (EDRi)},
    keywords = {FR-Inbox},
@@ Line 1,220: / Line 1,663: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{MappingMonitoring,
-   title = {Mapping / {{Monitoring}}},
+   title = {Mapping / Monitoring},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/BTVIV8KP/mapping-monitoring.html},
+   url = {https://www.4sonline.org/sts-resources/making-and-doing/new-orleans-2019/mapping-monitoring/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    journal = {Society for Social Studies of Science},
    language = {en-US}
@@ Line 1,228: / Line 1,672: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{marresWhyMapIssues2015,
-   title = {Why {{Map Issues}}? {{On Controversy Analysis}} as a {{Digital Method}}},
+   title = {Why Map Issues? On Controversy Analysis as a Digital Method},
-   shorttitle = {Why {{Map Issues}}?},
+   shorttitle = {Why Map Issues?},
    author = {Marres, Noortje},
    year = {2015},
@@ Line 1,237: / Line 1,681: @@
    issn = {0162-2439},
    doi = {10.1177/0162243915574602},
+  url = {10.1177/0162243915574602},
+  urldate = {2021-01-26},
    abstract = {This article takes stock of recent efforts to implement controversy analysis as a digital method in the study of science, technology, and society (STS) and beyond and outlines a distinctive approach to address the problem of digital bias. Digital media technologies exert significant influence on the enactment of controversy in online settings, and this risks undermining the substantive focus of controversy analysis conducted by digital means. To address this problem, I propose a shift in thematic focus from controversy analysis to issue mapping. The article begins by distinguishing between three broad frameworks that currently guide the development of controversy analysis as a digital method, namely, demarcationist, discursive, and empiricist. Each has been adopted in STS, but only the last one offers a digital ``move beyond impartiality.'' I demonstrate this approach by analyzing issues of Internet governance with the aid of the social media platform Twitter.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/D4PSKF3N/Marres 2015 - Why Map Issues.pdf},
    journal = {Science, Technology \& Human Values},
    number = {5},
@@ Line 1,247: / Line 1,692: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{MarseilleDevantJustice,
-   title = {Marseille Devant La Justice Pour l'installation d'un R\'eseau de "Vid\'eoprotection Intelligente"},
+   title = {Marseille devant la justice pour l'installation d'un r\'eseau de "vid\'eoprotection intelligente"},
+  url = {https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/marseille-devant-la-justice-pour-l-installation-d-un-reseau-de-videoprotection-intelligente.N922079},
+  urldate = {2020-02-19},
    abstract = {La Quadrature du Net et La Ligue des droits de l\&\#39;Homme attaquent la ville de Marseille pour l\&\#39;installation d\&\#39;un r\&eacute;seau de \&quot;vid\&eacute;oprotection intelligente\&quot; qui \&quot;analyse et fusionne les informations provenant de plusieurs capteurs\&quot; pour aider la police municipale. Selon les deux associations, ce dispositif viole le droit \&agrave; la vie priv\&eacute;e et ne respecte pas le cadre l\&eacute;gislatif impos\&eacute; pour ce type de projet.    	\&nbsp;},
    annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200219080245/https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/marseille-devant-la-justice-pour-l-installation-d-un-reseau-de-videoprotection-intelligente.N922079},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/93EZR6VW/marseille-devant-la-justice-pour-l-installation-d-un-reseau-de-videoprotection-intelligente.html},
-  howpublished = {https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/marseille-devant-la-justice-pour-l-installation-d-un-reseau-de-videoprotection-intelligente.N922079},
    journal = {usine-digitale.fr}
 }
@@ Line 1,257: / Line 1,702: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@book{MediasEmotions,
-   title = {M\'edias et {{Emotions}}},
+   title = {M\'edias et Emotions},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/F9AKE2KY/Prismes-n.-2-2020.pdf.pdf},
+   url = {http://romatrepress.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Prismes-n.-2-2020.pdf},
+  urldate = {2020-11-09},
    isbn = {9791280060716}
 }
@@ Line 1,264: / Line 1,710: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@book{mertiaLivesDataEssays2020,
-   title = {Lives of {{Data}}: {{Essays}} on {{Computational Cultures}} from {{India}}},
+   title = {Lives of Data: Essays on Computational Cultures from India},
    author = {Mertia, Sandeep},
    year = {2020},
-   publisher = {{Institute of Network Cultures}},
+   publisher = {Institute of Network Cultures},
-   address = {{Amsterdam}},
+   address = {Amsterdam},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/3WAARFS6/Mertia - 2020 - Lives of Data Essays on Computational Cultures fr.pdf},
    isbn = {978-94-92302-70-0}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{Metz.2010,
+  title = {Armadillo},
+  author = {Metz, Janus},
+  year = {2010},
+  publisher = {Fridthjof Film}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{metzHereWayLearn2021,
-   title = {Here's a {{Way}} to {{Learn}} If {{Facial Recognition Systems Used Your Photos}}},
+   title = {Here's a Way to Learn if Facial Recognition Systems Used Your Photos},
    author = {Metz, Cade and Hill, Kashmir},
    year = {2021},
    month = jan,
    issn = {0362-4331},
+  url = {https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/31/technology/facial-recognition-photo-tool.html},
+  urldate = {2021-01-31},
    abstract = {An online tool targets only a small slice of what's out there, but may open some eyes to how widely artificial intelligence research fed on personal images.},
    chapter = {Technology},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/QDN2VGBB/facial-recognition-photo-tool.html},
    journal = {The New York Times},
    keywords = {Computer Vision,Computers and the Internet,Facial Recognition Software,Flickr,Megvii Technology Ltd,Photography,Privacy,Tabriz; Parisa,University of Washington},
@@ Line 1,290: / Line 1,744: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{mirzoeffArtificialVisionWhite2020,
-   title = {Artificial Vision, White Space and Racial Surveillance Capitalism},
+   title = {Artificial vision, white space and racial surveillance capitalism},
    author = {Mirzoeff, Nicholas},
    year = {2020},
@@ Line 1,296: / Line 1,750: @@
    issn = {1435-5655},
    doi = {10.1007/s00146-020-01095-8},
+  url = {10.1007/s00146-020-01095-8},
+  urldate = {2020-11-16},
    abstract = {This first half of the paper outlines the formation of racial surveillance capitalism across the longue dur\'ee of settler colonialism, with special attention to the formation of artificial vision. This artificial vision is deployed in the erased territory, creating a white space in which to see from platforms, ranging from the ship, to the train and today's drones. The second section examines the Eurodac digital fingerprint database created by the European Union to monitor and control asylum seekers and refugees as an ``artificial life system,'' to use a phrase coined by its administrators. In this automated form, artificial vision is distributed rather than centralized.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/59U2ZT3P/Mirzoeff - 2020 - Artificial vision, white space and racial surveill.pdf},
    journal = {AI \& SOCIETY},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 1,304: / Line 1,759: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{mitchellAlgorithmicFairnessChoices2021,
-   title = {Algorithmic {{Fairness}}: {{Choices}}, {{Assumptions}}, and {{Definitions}}},
+   title = {Algorithmic Fairness: Choices, Assumptions, and Definitions},
-   shorttitle = {Algorithmic {{Fairness}}},
+   shorttitle = {Algorithmic Fairness},
    author = {Mitchell, Shira and Potash, Eric and Barocas, Solon and D'Amour, Alexander and Lum, Kristian},
    year = {2021},
@@ Line 1,311: / Line 1,766: @@
    pages = {null},
    doi = {10.1146/annurev-statistics-042720-125902},
+  url = {10.1146/annurev-statistics-042720-125902},
+  urldate = {2020-12-02},
    abstract = {A recent wave of research has attempted to define fairness quantitatively. In particular, this work has explored what fairness might mean in the context of decisions based on the predictions of statistical and machine learning models. The rapid growth of this new field has led to wildly inconsistent motivations, terminology, and notation, presenting a serious challenge for cataloging and comparing definitions. This article attempts to bring much-needed order. First, we explicate the various choices and assumptions made\textemdash often implicitly\textemdash to justify the use of prediction-based decision-making. Next, we show how such choices and assumptions can raise fairness concerns and we present a notationally consistent catalog of fairness definitions from the literature. In doing so, we offer a concise reference for thinking through the choices, assumptions, and fairness considerations of prediction-based decision-making. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application, Volume 8 is March 8, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.},
    annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-statistics-042720-125902},
@@ Line 1,319: / Line 1,776: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{MITComparativeMedia,
-   title = {{{MIT Comparative Media Studies}}/{{Writing}} | {{Critical}} Analysis, Collaborative Research, and Design across Media Arts, Forms, and Practices},
+   title = {MIT Comparative Media Studies/Writing | Critical analysis, collaborative research, and design across media arts, forms, and practices},
+  url = {https://cmsw.mit.edu/},
+  urldate = {2020-11-03},
    abstract = {An innovative humanities program that applies critical analysis, collaborative research, and design across media arts, forms, and practices.},
-  howpublished = {https://cmsw.mit.edu/},
    journal = {MIT Comparative Media Studies/Writing},
    language = {en-US}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{Mograbi.2008,
+  title = {Z32},
+  author = {Mograbi, Avi},
+  year = {2008},
+  publisher = {Les Films d'Ici},
+  collaborator = {Mograbi, Avi}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{molRegionsNetworksFluids1994,
-   title = {Regions, {{Networks}} and {{Fluids}}: {{Anaemia}} and {{Social Topology}}},
+   title = {Regions, Networks and Fluids: Anaemia and Social Topology},
-   shorttitle = {Regions, {{Networks}} and {{Fluids}}},
+   shorttitle = {Regions, Networks and Fluids},
    author = {Mol, Annemarie and Law, John},
    year = {1994},
@@ Line 1,337: / Line 1,804: @@
    issn = {0306-3127, 1460-3659},
    doi = {10.1177/030631279402400402},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/PYZBDI5T/Mol and Law - 1994 - Regions, Networks and Fluids Anaemia and Social T.pdf},
+   url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/030631279402400402},
+  urldate = {2021-01-26},
    journal = {Social Studies of Science},
    language = {en},
@@ Line 1,345: / Line 1,813: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{morseFacialRecognitionUsed,
-   title = {Facial Recognition Used to Arrest Protestor at {{Trump}} Bible Photo Op},
+   title = {Facial recognition used to arrest protestor at Trump bible photo op},
    author = {Morse, Jack},
+  url = {https://mashable.com/article/facial-recognition-arrest-black-lives-matter-protestor-trump-bible-photo-op/},
+  urldate = {2020-11-03},
    abstract = {Law enforcement used images pulled off Twitter, combined with a facial recognition system, to identify a protestor.},
-  howpublished = {https://mashable.com/article/facial-recognition-arrest-black-lives-matter-protestor-trump-bible-photo-op/},
    journal = {Mashable},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 1,355: / Line 1,824: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{morsePoliceUseFacialrecognition,
-   title = {Police Use Facial-Recognition Tech to Arrest Another Innocent Man},
+   title = {Police use facial-recognition tech to arrest another innocent man},
    author = {Morse, Jack},
+  url = {https://mashable.com/article/arrested-facial-recognition-technology/},
+  urldate = {2020-07-13},
    abstract = {For the second time in less than three weeks, it was revealed that Detroit police used faulty technology to arrest the wrong man.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/D4KT6GEQ/arrested-facial-recognition-technology.html},
-  howpublished = {https://mashable.com/article/arrested-facial-recognition-technology/},
    journal = {Mashable},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 1,366: / Line 1,835: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{murgiaWhoUsingYour2019,
-   title = {Who's Using Your Face? {{The}} Ugly Truth about Facial Recognition},
+   title = {Who's using your face? The ugly truth about facial recognition},
-   shorttitle = {Who's Using Your Face?},
+   shorttitle = {Who's using your face?},
    author = {Murgia, Madhumita and Harlow, Max},
    year = {2019},
    month = apr,
+  url = {https://www.ft.com/content/cf19b956-60a2-11e9-b285-3acd5d43599e},
+  urldate = {2020-02-27},
    abstract = {Researchers are scraping our images from social media and CCTV. We may not like the consequences},
    annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200227090254/https://www.ft.com/content/cf19b956-60a2-11e9-b285-3acd5d43599e},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/GUJKQRUN/cf19b956-60a2-11e9-b285-3acd5d43599e.html},
-  howpublished = {https://www.ft.com/content/cf19b956-60a2-11e9-b285-3acd5d43599e},
    language = {en-GB}
 }
@@ Line 1,380: / Line 1,849: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@phdthesis{musikComputersAbilitySee2014,
-   title = {Computers and the Ability to See},
+   title = {Computers and the ability to see},
    author = {Musik, Christoph},
    year = {2014},
-   address = {{wien}},
+   address = {wien},
+  url = {http://othes.univie.ac.at/35033/},
+  urldate = {2021-01-13},
    abstract = {Alle Versuche, Maschinen und Computern die F\"ahigkeit des Sehen beizubringen, sind Versuche, digitale Bilder herzustellen, zu bearbeiten und vor allem ihre Inhalte zu verstehen. Zu diesem Zweck ist es zwingend notwendig, Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen zu entwickeln und anzuwenden. Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen werden zu einflussreichen politischen und gesellschaftlichen Akteuren und Entscheidungstr\"agern. Deshalb ist es wichtig, ein tiefgehendes Verst\"andnis davon zu erreichen, wie genau diese Algorithmen Bilder erzeugen, bearbeiten und vor allem semantisch interpretieren. ``Computers and the Ability to See'' basiert auf einem interdisziplin\"arem Zugang, welcher die akademischen Felder der Wissenschafts- und Technikforschung (STS), der visuellen Kulturstudien und der \"Uberwachungs- und Identifizierungsstudien verbindet. Es ist insbesondere inspiriert von Lucy Suchmans Arbeit zu `Human-Machine Reconfigurations' (Suchman 2007) und dem visuellen STS Zugang der `Social Studies of Scientific Imaging and Visualization' (Burri \& Dumit 2008). Die Dissertation schreibt sich somit in die theoretischen Rahmen des (feministischen) Posthumanismus und der materiellen Semiotik ein. Damit verbunden ist die Entscheidung, die konkreten Praktiken von nichtmenschlichen Entit\"aten und ihren spezifischen Handlungsf\"ahigkeiten empirisch zu untersuchen (vgl. (Suchman 2007: 1). Die empirische Analyse von Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen bettet sich ein in die grundlegenden soziotechnischen Transformationsprozesse, die mit den Begriffen \"Uberwachungsgesellschaft (hier insbesondere das Ph\"anomen der ``intelligenten'' Video\"uberwachung), Digitalisierung, Automatisierung und ``Smartisierung'' von gesellschaftlichen Praktiken, Artefakten und Ger\"aten zusammengefasst werden k\"onnen. Auf dieser Grundlage erforschte die Dissertation Mensch-Computer (Re-)Konfigurationen, indem sie die Ausverhandlung und Entwicklung mit Fokus auf die politische und gesellschaftliche Signifikanz von Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen in unterschiedlichen Situationen und Umgebungen von den Laboren der Bildverarbeitung bis hin zu den Medien in den Blick nahm. Die Forschung folgte unter Einbeziehung eines breiten Methodenspektrums der qualitativen Sozialforschung (Teilnehmende Beobachtung, Gruppendiskussionen, Interviews, Dokumentenanalyse) einer `visiographischen' Strategie und entwickelt darauf aufbauend in den Schlussfolgerungen den konzeptuellen Reflektionsrahmen der ``Social Studies of Image Processing Algorithms'' (SIPA). Dadurch leistet die Arbeit einen wichtigen Beitrag zu der Frage, wie Gesellschaft und Wissenschaft mit Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen in ihrer Funktion als `politische Ordnungsapparate' in einem verantwortlichen Weg der Innovation umgehen k\"onnen. Dabei ermutigt SIPA explizit die Zusammenarbeit von Sozial- und ComputerwissenschaftlerInnen sowie die Einbeziehung weiterer gesellschaftlicher Akteure wie zum Beispiel K\"unstlerInnen. SIPA beinhaltet also auch Fragen und Ebenen, die sich mit der Steuerung, Regulierung und mit ethischen, rechtlichen und gesellschaftlichen Aspekten von Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen auseinandersetzen.},
    copyright = {All rights reserved},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/TBEWBGYU/Musik_2014_Computers and the ability to see.pdf;/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/EDDWVKIB/35033.html},
    school = {uniwien}
 }
@@ Line 1,392: / Line 1,862: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{neweconomicthinkingThisTimeDifferent2020,
-   title = {Is {{This Time Different}}? {{Data}}, {{Artificial Intelligence}} \& {{Robots}}},
+   title = {Is This Time Different? Data, Artificial Intelligence \& Robots},
-   shorttitle = {Is {{This Time Different}}?},
+   shorttitle = {Is This Time Different?},
    author = {{New Economic Thinking}},
    year = {2020},
    month = nov,
+  url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mwkJ3QPKGQ},
+  urldate = {2020-11-23},
    abstract = {Are there aspects of modern technology, made possible by unprecedented computing power and connectivity, that make them distinctively different from previous eras? If so, what are the implications? In this episode of \#FutureofWork Rob Johnson moderates a discussion with Jed Kolko, Shivani Nayyar and Siddharth Suri. They take a close look at modern digital technologies in our era. Are there aspects of modern technology, made possible by a plethora of data, unprecedented computing power and connectivity, that make them distinctively different from previous eras? If so, what are the implications to our societies? -- The Future of Work is an INET webinar series that brings together diverse voices to discuss the impact of technology on the economy and society. We host prominent thinkers, policy-makers, and scholars from different backgrounds and countries to present and debate their views. As technology continues to disrupt industries globally, the nature and future of work will be impacted by decisions and policies being made today. What are the social costs and benefits that technology will bear on economies already transformed by globalization and what are the implications to labor markets and social welfare? Can we get ahead of the next transformational revolution?}
 }
@@ Line 1,402: / Line 1,874: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@techreport{nganOngoingFaceRecognition2020,
-   title = {Ongoing {{Face Recognition Vendor Test}} ({{FRVT}}) Part {{6A}}:: Face Recognition Accuracy with Masks Using Pre-{{COVID}}-19 Algorithms},
+   title = {Ongoing Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) part 6A:: face recognition accuracy with masks using pre-COVID-19 algorithms},
-   shorttitle = {Ongoing {{Face Recognition Vendor Test}} ({{FRVT}}) Part {{6A}}},
+   shorttitle = {Ongoing Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) part 6A},
    author = {Ngan, Mei and Grother, Patrick and Hanaoka, Kayee},
    year = {2020},
    month = jul,
    pages = {NIST IR 8311},
-   address = {{Gaithersburg, MD}},
+   address = {Gaithersburg, MD},
-   institution = {{National Institute of Standards and Technology}},
+   institution = {National Institute of Standards and Technology},
    doi = {10.6028/NIST.IR.8311},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/UXFVFTBS/Ngan et al. - 2020 - Ongoing Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) part 6.pdf},
+   url = {https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2020/NIST.IR.8311.pdf},
+  urldate = {2021-01-26},
    language = {en},
    number = {NIST IR 8311}
@@ Line 1,418: / Line 1,891: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{NotesAIFrontier,
-   title = {Notes from the {{AI}} Frontier: {{Tackling Europe}}'s Gap in Digital and {{AI}}},
+   title = {Notes from the AI frontier: Tackling Europe's gap in digital and AI},
    pages = {60},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/44NDX327/Notes from the AI frontier Tackling Europe’s gap .pdf},
    keywords = {FR-Inbox},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 1,427: / Line 1,899: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{ochigameInformaticsOppressed,
-   title = {Informatics of the {{Oppressed}}},
+   title = {Informatics of the Oppressed},
    author = {Ochigame, Rodrigo},
+  url = {https://logicmag.io/care/informatics-of-the-oppressed/},
+  urldate = {2020-10-21},
    abstract = {An inquiry into the rich history of radical experiments to reorganize information.},
    journal = {Logic Magazine},
@@ Line 1,436: / Line 1,910: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{OpinionWeNow,
-   title = {Opinion | {{We}} Now Have Evidence of Facial Recognition's Harm. {{Time}} for Lawmakers to Act.},
+   title = {Opinion | We now have evidence of facial recognition's harm. Time for lawmakers to act.},
    issn = {0190-8286},
+  url = {https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/we-now-have-evidence-of-facial-recognitions-harm-time-for-lawmakers-to-act/2020/07/05/e62ee8d0-baf8-11ea-80b9-40ece9a701dc_story.html},
+  urldate = {2020-07-13},
    abstract = {Lawmakers must regulate facial recognition technology, or more wrongful arrests are coming.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/TTRBVKGJ/www.washingtonpost.com.html},
    journal = {Washington Post},
    language = {en-US}
@@ Line 1,446: / Line 1,921: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{OpticalGovernanceRoles,
-   title = {Optical Governance: {{The Roles}} of {{Machine Vision}} in {{China}}'s {{Epidemic Response}}},
+   title = {Optical governance: The Roles of Machine Vision in China's Epidemic Response},
-   shorttitle = {Optical Governance},
+  shorttitle = {Optical governance},
+  url = {https://strelkamag.com/en/article/optical-governance},
+   urldate = {2020-11-12},
    abstract = {Gabriele de Seta on the entanglement of social practices and automated sensing technologies.},
-  howpublished = {https://strelkamag.com/en/article/optical-governance},
    journal = {Strelka Mag},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 1,456: / Line 1,932: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{oxfordmartinschoolDataWorkHidden2020,
-   title = {"{{Data}} Work: The Hidden Talent and Secret Logic Fuelling Artificial Intelligence" -  {{Prof Gina Neff}}},
+   title = {"Data work: the hidden talent and secret logic fuelling artificial intelligence" -  Prof Gina Neff},
-   shorttitle = {"{{Data}} Work},
+   shorttitle = {"Data work},
    author = {{Oxford Martin School}},
    year = {2020},
    month = nov,
+  url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5oHhuPzl14},
+  urldate = {2020-12-02},
    abstract = {What happens when new artificial intelligence (AI) tools are integrated into organisations around the world? For example, digital medicine promises to combine emerging and novel sources of data and new analysis techniques like AI and machine learning to improve diagnosis, care delivery and condition management. But healthcare workers find themselves at the frontlines of figuring out new ways to care for patients through, with - and sometimes despite - their data. Paradoxically, new data-intensive tasks required to make AI work are often seen as of secondary importance. Gina calls these tasks data work, and her team studied how data work is changing in Danish \&amp; US hospitals (Moller, Bossen, Pine, Nielsen and Neff, forthcoming ACM Interactions). Based on critical data studies and organisational ethnography, this talk will argue that while advances in AI have sparked scholarly and public attention to the challenges of the ethical design of technologies, less attention has been focused on the requirements for their ethical use. Unfortunately, this means that the hidden talents and secret logics that fuel successful AI projects are undervalued and successful AI projects continue to be seen as technological, not social, accomplishments. In this talk Professor Gina Neff, Oxford Internet Institute and Professor Ian Goldin, Oxford Martin School, will examine publicly known ``failures'' of AI systems to show how this gap between design and use creates dangerous oversights and to develop a framework to predict where and how these oversights emerge. The resulting framework can help scholars and practitioners to query AI tools to show who and whose goals are being achieved or promised through, what structured performance using what division of labour, under whose control and at whose expense. In this way, data work becomes an analytical lens on the power of social institutions for shaping technologies-in-practice.}
 }
@@ Line 1,466: / Line 1,944: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{PaintYourFace,
-   title = {Paint {{Your Face Away}} \textendash{} {{Shinji Toya}}},
+   title = {Paint Your Face Away \textendash{} Shinji Toya},
+  url = {https://shinjitoya.com/paint-your-face-away/},
+  urldate = {2020-02-27},
    annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200227084817/https://shinjitoya.com/paint-your-face-away/},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/ISPHZ5PN/paint-your-face-away.html},
    language = {en-GB}
 }
@@ Line 1,474: / Line 1,953: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{PeopleAMLab,
-   title = {People | {{AMLab}}},
+   title = {People | AMLab},
+  url = {https://amlab.science.uva.nl/people/},
+  urldate = {2020-11-03},
    language = {en-US}
 }
@@ Line 1,480: / Line 1,961: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{PeopleAMLaba,
-   title = {People | {{AMLab}}},
+   title = {People | AMLab},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/2ISZVLFI/people.html},
+   url = {https://amlab.science.uva.nl/people/},
+  urldate = {2021-01-26},
    language = {en-US}
 }
@@ Line 1,487: / Line 1,969: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{PhDRegulationsLeiden,
-   title = {{{PhD Regulations Leiden University}} - {{Leiden University}}},
+   title = {PhD Regulations Leiden University - Leiden University},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/NR9HU7NT/phd-regulations.html},
+   url = {https://www.organisatiegids.universiteitleiden.nl/en/regulations/general/phd-regulations},
-   howpublished = {https://www.organisatiegids.universiteitleiden.nl/en/regulations/general/phd-regulations}
+  urldate = {2021-02-10}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{PredictSurveilSarah,
-   title = {Predict and {{Surveil}} | {{Sarah Brayne}} | Download},
+   title = {Predict and Surveil | Sarah Brayne | download},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/FSYVNJCI/77c46c.html},
+   url = {https://b-ok.cc/book/6026592/77c46c},
-   howpublished = {https://b-ok.cc/book/6026592/77c46c}
+  urldate = {2021-02-04}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{pressTechnoprecariousMITPress,
-   title = {Technoprecarious | {{The MIT Press}}},
+   title = {Technoprecarious | The MIT Press},
    author = {Press, The MIT},
-   publisher = {{The MIT Press}},
+   publisher = {The MIT Press},
+  url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/technoprecarious},
+  urldate = {2020-12-02},
    abstract = {An analysis that traces the role of digital technology in multiplying precarity.                                      Technoprecarious~advances a new analytic for tracing how precarity unfolds across disparate geographical sites and cultural practices in the digital age. Digital technologies\textemdash whether apps like Uber, built on flexible labor, or platforms like Airbnb that shift accountability to users\textemdash have assisted in consolidating the wealth and influence of a small number of players. These platforms have also exacerbated increasingly insecure conditions of work and life for racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities; women; indigenous people; migrants; and peoples in the global south. At the same time, precarity has become increasingly generalized, expanding to include even the creative class and digital producers themselves.~This collaboratively authored multigraph analyzes the role of digital technology in multiplying precarity. The authors use the term precarity to characterize those populations disproportionately affected by the forms of inequality and insecurity that digital technologies have generated despite the new affordances and possibilities they offer. The book maps a broad range of digital precarity\textemdash from the placement of Palestinian Internet cables to the manufacture of electronics by Navajo women and from the production and deployment of drones on the U.S.\textendash Mexico border to the technocultural productions of Chinese makers. This project contributes to, and helps bridge, ongoing debates on precarity and digital networks in the fields of critical computing, postcolonial studies, visual culture, and information sciences.},
-  howpublished = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/technoprecarious},
    language = {en}
 }
@@ Line 1,511: / Line 1,994: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{ProjectSupportDesk,
-   title = {Project:{{Support}} Desk - {{MediaWiki}}},
+   title = {Project:Support desk - MediaWiki},
-   howpublished = {https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Support\_desk}
+   url = {https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Support_desk},
+  urldate = {2020-11-03}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{ragazziGoverningDiasporas2009,
-   title = {Governing {{Diasporas}}},
+   title = {Governing Diasporas},
    author = {Ragazzi, Francesco},
    year = {2009},
@@ Line 1,523: / Line 2,007: @@
    volume = {3},
    pages = {378--397},
-   publisher = {{Oxford Academic}},
+   publisher = {Oxford Academic},
    issn = {1749-5679},
    doi = {10.1111/j.1749-5687.2009.00082.x},
+  url = {10.1111/j.1749-5687.2009.00082.x},
+  urldate = {2020-11-19},
    abstract = {Abstract. The study of migration in general and in IR in particular has generally meant the study of immigration. Yet, sending states increasingly manage and go},
    journal = {International Political Sociology},
@@ Line 1,534: / Line 2,020: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{rajiFaceSurveyFacial,
-   title = {About {{Face}}: {{A Survey}} of {{Facial Recognition Evaluation}}},
+   title = {About Face: A Survey of Facial Recognition Evaluation},
    author = {Raji, Inioluwa Deborah and Fried, Genevieve},
    pages = {11},
    abstract = {We survey over 100 face datasets constructed between 1976 to 2019 of 145 million images of over 17 million subjects from a range of sources, demographics and conditions. Our historical survey reveals that these datasets are contextually informed - shaped by changes in political motivations, technological capability and current norms. We discuss how such influences mask specific practices - some of which may actually be harmful or otherwise problematic - and make a case for the explicit communication of such details in order to establish a more grounded understanding of the technology's function in the real world.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/JZRZA43G/Raji and Fried - About Face A Survey of Facial Recognition Evaluat.pdf},
    language = {en}
 }
@@ Line 1,544: / Line 2,029: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{ReconnaissanceFacialePour2019,
-   title = {{La reconnaissance faciale pour s'identifier en ligne inqui\`ete les d\'efenseurs des libert\'es num\'eriques}},
+   title = {La reconnaissance faciale pour s'identifier en ligne inqui\`ete les d\'efenseurs des libert\'es num\'eriques},
    year = {2019},
    month = jul,
+  url = {https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2019/07/27/la-reconnaissance-faciale-pour-s-identifier-en-ligne-inquiete-les-defenseurs-des-libertes-numeriques_5494076_3224.html},
+  urldate = {2020-02-20},
    abstract = {Un recours a \'et\'e d\'epos\'e devant le Conseil d'Etat pour faire annuler le d\'ecret autorisant l'application AliceM.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/ZEE4I5N3/la-reconnaissance-faciale-pour-s-identifier-en-ligne-inquiete-les-defenseurs-des-libertes-numer.html},
    journal = {Le Monde.fr},
    language = {fr}
@@ Line 1,555: / Line 2,041: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{ReconnaissanceFacialePromesses,
-   title = {La Reconnaissance Faciale, Des Promesses et Des Risques},
+   title = {La reconnaissance faciale, des promesses et des risques},
+  url = {https://www.instapaper.com/read/1279123996},
+  urldate = {2020-02-20},
    abstract = {A simple tool for saving web pages to read later on your iPhone, iPad, Android, computer, or Kindle.},
    annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200220133504/https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2020/02/20/promesses-et-risques-de-la-reconnaissance-faciale\_6030160\_3232.html},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/DPRBNU9N/1279123996.html},
-  howpublished = {https://www.instapaper.com/read/1279123996},
    language = {en}
 }
@@ Line 1,565: / Line 2,051: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{ResearchersShowThat2020,
-   title = {Researchers Show That Computer Vision Algorithms Pretrained on {{ImageNet}} Exhibit Multiple, Distressing Biases},
+   title = {Researchers show that computer vision algorithms pretrained on ImageNet exhibit multiple, distressing biases},
    year = {2020},
    month = nov,
+  url = {https://venturebeat.com/2020/11/03/researchers-show-that-computer-vision-algorithms-pretrained-on-imagenet-exhibit-multiple-distressing-biases/},
+  urldate = {2020-11-06},
    abstract = {Researchers say they've found evidence of pervasive bias in computer vision algorithms trained on ImageNet, a popular photo dataset.},
    journal = {VentureBeat},
@@ Line 1,575: / Line 2,063: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{researchVideoAnalyticsSystem,
-   title = {Video {{Analytics System Market Size}}, {{Share}}, {{Growth Analysis By Key Players IBM Corporation}}, {{Honeywell International Inc}}., {{Qognify Inc}}., {{BriefCam}}, {{Verint}}, \textendash{} {{The NyseNasdaqLive News}}},
+   title = {Video Analytics System Market Size, Share, Growth Analysis By Key Players IBM Corporation, Honeywell International Inc., Qognify Inc., BriefCam, Verint, \textendash{} The NyseNasdaqLive News},
    author = {Research, Data Bridge Market},
+  url = {https://nysenasdaqlive.com/video-analytics-system-market-size-share-growth-analysis-by-key-players-ibm-corporation-honeywell-international-inc-qognify-inc-briefcam-verint/},
+  urldate = {2020-02-21},
    annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200221092404/https://nysenasdaqlive.com/video-analytics-system-market-size-share-growth-analysis-by-key-players-ibm-corporation-honeywell-international-inc-qognify-inc-briefcam-verint/},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/GW3UI7HI/video-analytics-system-market-size-share-growth-analysis-by-key-players-ibm-corporation-honeywe.html},
    language = {en-US}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{Resnais.1953,
+  title = {Statues also die},
+  author = {Resnais, Alain and Marker, Chris},
+  year = {1953},
+  publisher = {Pr\'esence Africaine}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{riviereVideosurveillanceAutomatiseeNe,
-   title = {{Vid\'eosurveillance automatis\'ee : on ne pourra plus faire un pet de travers - CQFD, mensuel de critique et d'exp\'erimentation sociales}},
+   title = {Vid\'eosurveillance automatis\'ee : on ne pourra plus faire un pet de travers - CQFD, mensuel de critique et d'exp\'erimentation sociales},
-   shorttitle = {{Vid\'eosurveillance automatis\'ee}},
+   shorttitle = {Vid\'eosurveillance automatis\'ee},
    author = {Rivi{\`e}re, Clair},
+  url = {http://cqfd-journal.org/Videosurveillance-automatisee-on},
+  urldate = {2020-02-18},
    abstract = {CQFD, critique et exp\'erimentation sociales},
    annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200218075508/http://cqfd-journal.org/Videosurveillance-automatisee-on},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/V52FRBMS/Videosurveillance-automatisee-on.html},
-  howpublished = {http://cqfd-journal.org/Videosurveillance-automatisee-on},
    language = {fr}
 }
@@ Line 1,596: / Line 2,093: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@book{robergeCulturalLifeMachine2021,
-   title = {The {{Cultural Life}} of {{Machine Learning}}: {{An Incursion}} into {{Critical AI Studies}}},
+   title = {The Cultural Life of Machine Learning: An Incursion into Critical AI Studies},
-   shorttitle = {The {{Cultural Life}} of {{Machine Learning}}},
+   shorttitle = {The Cultural Life of Machine Learning},
    editor = {Roberge, Jonathan and Castelle, Michael},
    year = {2021},
-   publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
+   publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
-   address = {{Cham}},
+   address = {Cham},
    doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-56286-1},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/YRIS9DRM/Roberge and Castelle - 2021 - The Cultural Life of Machine Learning An Incursio.pdf},
+   url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-56286-1},
+  urldate = {2020-12-02},
    isbn = {978-3-030-56285-4 978-3-030-56286-1},
    keywords = {***,FR-Inbox},
@@ Line 1,611: / Line 2,109: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@book{robergeCulturalLifeMachine2021a,
-   title = {The {{Cultural Life}} of {{Machine Learning}}: {{An Incursion}} into {{Critical AI Studies}}},
+   title = {The Cultural Life of Machine Learning: An Incursion into Critical AI Studies},
-   shorttitle = {The {{Cultural Life}} of {{Machine Learning}}},
+   shorttitle = {The Cultural Life of Machine Learning},
    editor = {Roberge, Jonathan and Castelle, Michael},
    year = {2021},
-   publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
+   publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
-   address = {{Cham}},
+   address = {Cham},
    doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-56286-1},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/DXACM6YK/Roberge and Castelle - 2021 - The Cultural Life of Machine Learning An Incursio.pdf},
+   url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-56286-1},
+  urldate = {2020-12-02},
    isbn = {978-3-030-56285-4 978-3-030-56286-1},
    language = {en}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@article{Rosi.2016,
+  title = {Fire at sea (fuocoammare)},
+  author = {Rosi, Gianfranco},
+  editor = {Rosi, Gianfranco},
+  year = {2016},
+  publisher = {Stemal Entertainment}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{rothDigitizingLizardsTopology1999,
-   title = {Digitizing {{Lizards}}: {{The Topology}} of `{{Vision}}' in {{Ecological Fieldwork}}},
+   title = {Digitizing Lizards: The Topology of `Vision' in Ecological Fieldwork},
-   shorttitle = {Digitizing {{Lizards}}},
+   shorttitle = {Digitizing Lizards},
    author = {Roth, Wolff-Michael and Bowen, G. Michael},
    year = {1999},
@@ Line 1,634: / Line 2,142: @@
    issn = {0306-3127},
    doi = {10.1177/030631299029005003},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/030631299029005003},
+  urldate = {2020-12-21},
    abstract = {In this paper, we describe and theorize the topology of `vision' in field ecology, a domain considerably different from laboratory work in the physical sciences, and discuss the temporal extension of data-collection practices. Data collection in this field is characterized by widely varying measurements, measurement dimensions and temporal extension of data collection. We present the ecologists' field laboratory as a perceptual machinery with a heterogeneous and heteromaterial topology as it pertains to measures, precision, replication and other material practices. Because of the complexity of ecological fieldwork, considerable co-ordination and articulation work is necessary. Here, tables, tags and labels are central tools to achieve coherence of inscriptions. We topicalize the work that digitizes measurements conducted on lizards and their habitats, and that therefore imposes signs that lend themselves to mathematical and statistical processes. It is only through these digitizing processes that lizards become visible to other (interested) ecologists, most of whom have not seen this particular animal species in person. We thereby contribute in new ways to discussions of the topography and topology of scientific vision, to the relation of measurement to practice, and to the `adequation' of nature and mathematics.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/YSIP8YFV/Roth and Bowen - 1999 - Digitizing Lizards The Topology of `Vision' in Ec.pdf},
    journal = {Social Studies of Science},
    language = {en},
    number = {5}
+}
+}}
+{{#scite:
+ |bibtex=@misc{Rouch.1957,
+  title = {Les ma\^itres fous (the mad masters)},
+  author = {Rouch, Jean},
+  year = {1957},
+  publisher = {Les Films de la Pleiade},
+  collaborator = {Rouch, Jean}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{rouvroyAlgorithmicGovernmentalityProspects2013,
-   title = {Algorithmic Governmentality and Prospects of Emancipation},
+   title = {Algorithmic governmentality and prospects of emancipation},
    author = {Rouvroy, Antoinette and Berns, Thomas and Libbrecht, Elizabeth},
    year = {2013},
@@ Line 1,649: / Line 2,167: @@
    volume = {No 177},
    pages = {163--196},
-   publisher = {{La D\'ecouverte}},
+   publisher = {La D\'ecouverte},
    issn = {0751-7971},
+  url = {https://www.cairn-int.info/article-E_RES_177_0163--algorithmic-governmentality-and-prospect.htm},
+  urldate = {2021-01-13},
    abstract = {Algorithmic governmentality is characterized primarily by the following dual movement: a) abandoning all forms of 'scale', 'benchmark', or hierarchy, in favour of an immanent normativity evolving in real time, from which a 'dual statistics' of the world emerges and which seems to do away with the old hierarchies devised by normal or average people; and b) avoiding all confrontation with individuals, whose opportunities for subjectification have become increasingly scarce. This dual movement seems to be the fruit of contemporary statistics' focus on relations. We seek to assess the extent to which these two aspects of the 'algorithmic governmentality' thereby outlined, with its sole reliance on relations, could facilitate, first, processes of individuation through relations (Simondon) and, second, the emergence of new forms of life through the plane of immanence overtaking the plane of organization (Deleuze-Guattari). Through this comparison with the main contemporary philosophies of relations, it thus appears that thinking about the evolution and processes of individuation through relations necessarily pertains to the 'disparate' - a heterogeneity of orders of magnitude, a multiplicity of regimes of existence - which algorithmic governmentality precisely incessantly suppresses by enclosing (digitized) reality on itself. Algorithmic governmentality tends rather to foreclose such emancipation perspectives by centring individuation processes on the subjective monad.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/E6WVV9Y9/Rouvroy et al_2013_Algorithmic governmentality and prospects of emancipation.pdf;/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/G38ZPM8I/article-E_RES_177_0163--algorithmic-governmentality-and-prospect.html},
    journal = {Reseaux},
    language = {en},
@@ Line 1,660: / Line 2,179: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{ruppertDataPolitics2017,
-   title = {Data Politics},
+   title = {Data politics},
    author = {Ruppert, Evelyn and Isin, Engin and Bigo, Didier},
    year = {2017},
@@ Line 1,666: / Line 2,185: @@
    volume = {4},
    pages = {2053951717717749},
-   publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
+   publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
    issn = {2053-9517},
    doi = {10.1177/2053951717717749},
+  url = {10.1177/2053951717717749},
+  urldate = {2020-11-23},
    abstract = {The commentary raises political questions about the ways in which data has been constituted as an object vested with certain powers, influence, and rationalities. We place the emergence and transformation of professional practices such as `data science', `data journalism', `data brokerage', `data mining', `data storage', and `data analysis' as part of the reconfiguration of a series of fields of power and knowledge in the public and private accumulation of data. Data politics asks questions about the ways in which data has become such an object of power and explores how to critically intervene in its deployment as an object of knowledge. It is concerned with the conditions of possibility of data that involve things (infrastructures of servers, devices, and cables), language (code, programming, and algorithms), and people (scientists, entrepreneurs, engineers, information technologists, designers) that together create new worlds. We define `data politics' as both the articulation of political questions about these worlds and the ways in which they provoke subjects to govern themselves and others by making rights claims. We contend that without understanding these conditions of possibility \textendash{} of worlds, subjects and rights \textendash{} it would be difficult to intervene in or shape data politics if by that it is meant the transformation of data subjects into data citizens.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/RJ5BGR5X/Ruppert et al. - 2017 - Data politics.pdf},
    journal = {Big Data \& Society},
    language = {en},
@@ Line 1,678: / Line 2,198: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{ruppertDataPolitics2017a,
-   title = {Data Politics},
+   title = {Data politics},
    author = {Ruppert, Evelyn and Isin, Engin and Bigo, Didier},
    year = {2017},
@@ Line 1,684: / Line 2,204: @@
    volume = {4},
    pages = {2053951717717749},
-   publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
+   publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
    issn = {2053-9517},
    doi = {10.1177/2053951717717749},
+  url = {10.1177/2053951717717749},
+  urldate = {2020-11-23},
    abstract = {The commentary raises political questions about the ways in which data has been constituted as an object vested with certain powers, influence, and rationalities. We place the emergence and transformation of professional practices such as `data science', `data journalism', `data brokerage', `data mining', `data storage', and `data analysis' as part of the reconfiguration of a series of fields of power and knowledge in the public and private accumulation of data. Data politics asks questions about the ways in which data has become such an object of power and explores how to critically intervene in its deployment as an object of knowledge. It is concerned with the conditions of possibility of data that involve things (infrastructures of servers, devices, and cables), language (code, programming, and algorithms), and people (scientists, entrepreneurs, engineers, information technologists, designers) that together create new worlds. We define `data politics' as both the articulation of political questions about these worlds and the ways in which they provoke subjects to govern themselves and others by making rights claims. We contend that without understanding these conditions of possibility \textendash{} of worlds, subjects and rights \textendash{} it would be difficult to intervene in or shape data politics if by that it is meant the transformation of data subjects into data citizens.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/YH4RJW9V/Ruppert et al_2017_Data politics.pdf},
    journal = {Big Data \& Society},
    language = {en},
@@ Line 1,696: / Line 2,217: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{schinkelSociologicalDiscourseRelational2007,
-   title = {Sociological {{Discourse}} of the {{Relational}}: {{The Cases}} of {{Bourdieu}} \& {{Latour}}},
+   title = {Sociological Discourse of the Relational: The Cases of Bourdieu \& Latour},
-   shorttitle = {Sociological {{Discourse}} of the {{Relational}}},
+   shorttitle = {Sociological Discourse of the Relational},
    author = {Schinkel, Willem},
    year = {2007},
@@ Line 1,703: / Line 2,224: @@
    volume = {55},
    pages = {707--729},
-   publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
+   publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
    issn = {0038-0261},
    doi = {10.1111/j.1467-954X.2007.00749.x},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2007.00749.x},
+  urldate = {2021-02-03},
    abstract = {Pierre Bourdieu's approach to sociology has been so widely recognized as being innovative that his innovations can be said to have been academically incorporated to the degree of having-been-innovative. On the other hand, the more recent work of Bruno Latour seems to offer a fresh innovative impetus to sociology. Over against Bourdieu's relational sociology, Latour's relationist sociology overcomes the subject-object dichotomy, and abandons the notions of `society' and `the social'. In this contribution, a comparison is made between the ideas of Bourdieu and Latour on the question of what sociology should look like, specifically focusing on their respective ideas on what can be called the relational. A Latourian critique of Bourdieu is provided, as well as a Bourdieusian analysis of Latourian sociology. Rather than ending up with two different `paradigms', an attempt is made on the basis of Foucault's archaeology of discourse to view Bourdieusian and Latourian sociology as distinct positions within a discourse on the relational.},
    journal = {The Sociological Review},
@@ Line 1,714: / Line 2,237: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{screenworks2020PointsPresence,
-   title = {Points of {{Presence}}},
+   title = {Points of Presence},
    author = {Screenworks, 2020},
+  url = {https://screenworks.org.uk/archive/digital-ecologies-and-the-anthropocene/points-of-presence},
+  urldate = {2021-01-03},
    abstract = {Author: Adam Fish Format: Experimental Documentary Duration: 18' 46'' Published: June 2018 https://doi.org/10.37186/swrks/8.2/6 Research Statement Criteria Assess the work as a video that creatively and interpretively maps the internet of the North Atlantic region. Research Questions Media studies scholars who favor empirical fieldwork methodologies encourage users of communication technologies to improve their ``infrastuctural literacy'' [\ldots ]},
    journal = {Screenworks},
@@ Line 1,723: / Line 2,248: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{SecurityFlows,
-   title = {Security Flows},
+   title = {Security flows},
-   howpublished = {https://www.kcl.ac.uk/research/security-flows},
+   url = {https://www.kcl.ac.uk/research/security-flows},
+  urldate = {2020-12-01},
    language = {en-GB}
 }
@@ Line 1,730: / Line 2,256: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{SelectedProjects,
-   title = {Selected {{Projects}}},
+   title = {Selected Projects},
-   howpublished = {http://www.wardgoes.com/}
+   url = {http://www.wardgoes.com/},
+  urldate = {2020-11-03}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{SemanticMediaWikiMailing,
-   title = {Semantic {{MediaWiki}} / {{Mailing Lists}} / {{Search}}},
+   title = {Semantic MediaWiki / Mailing Lists / Search},
-   howpublished = {https://sourceforge.net/p/semediawiki/mailman/search/?mail\_list=semediawiki-user}
+   url = {https://sourceforge.net/p/semediawiki/mailman/search/?mail_list=semediawiki-user},
+  urldate = {2020-11-03}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{SenseLab3eLaboratory,
-   title = {{{SenseLab}} \textendash{} 3e | a Laboratory for Thought in Motion},
+   title = {SenseLab \textendash{} 3e | a laboratory for thought in motion},
+  url = {https://senselab.ca/wp2/},
+  urldate = {2020-12-07},
    language = {en-US}
 }
@@ Line 1,748: / Line 2,278: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{SensoryEthnographyLab,
-   title = {Sensory {{Ethnography Lab}} :: {{Harvard University}}},
+   title = {Sensory Ethnography Lab :: Harvard University},
-   howpublished = {https://sel.fas.harvard.edu/}
+   url = {https://sel.fas.harvard.edu/},
+  urldate = {2020-11-03}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{sheadFacialRecognitionTech2020,
-   title = {Facial Recognition Tech Developed by {{Clearview AI}} Could Be Illegal in {{Europe}}, Privacy Group Says},
+   title = {Facial recognition tech developed by Clearview AI could be illegal in Europe, privacy group says},
    author = {Shead, Sam},
    year = {2020},
    month = jun,
+  url = {https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/11/clearview-ai-facial-recognition-europe.html},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    abstract = {The European Data Protection Board warned on Wednesday that Clearview AI's technology is likely to be illegal in Europe.},
    chapter = {Technology},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/T8UZYQM3/clearview-ai-facial-recognition-europe.html},
-  howpublished = {https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/11/clearview-ai-facial-recognition-europe.html},
    journal = {CNBC},
    keywords = {FR-Inbox},
@@ Line 1,769: / Line 2,300: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{ShortcutsHowNeural2020,
-   title = {Shortcuts: {{How Neural Networks Love}} to {{Cheat}}},
+   title = {Shortcuts: How Neural Networks Love to Cheat},
    shorttitle = {Shortcuts},
    year = {2020},
    month = jul,
+  url = {https://thegradient.pub/shortcuts-neural-networks-love-to-cheat/},
+  urldate = {2020-08-03},
    abstract = {On unifying many of deep learning's problems and with the concepts of "shortcuts", and what we can do to better understand and mitigate shortcut learning.},
-  howpublished = {https://thegradient.pub/shortcuts-neural-networks-love-to-cheat/},
    journal = {The Gradient},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 1,781: / Line 2,313: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{SomethingSomethingPlotting,
-   title = {Something Something : {{Plotting Data}}},
+   title = {Something something : Plotting Data},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/WQ6ZMBGC/20bn.html},
+   url = {http://plottingd.at/a/20bn/},
-   howpublished = {http://plottingd.at/a/20bn/}
+  urldate = {2021-01-26}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{StadsnachtwachtUrbanSurveillance,
-   title = {Stadsnachtwacht - Urban Surveillance Research Site},
+   title = {stadsnachtwacht - urban surveillance research site},
+  url = {http://www.stadsnachtwacht.nl/},
+  urldate = {2020-11-03},
    language = {en}
 }
@@ Line 1,794: / Line 2,328: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{StudioTransdisciplinaryArts,
-   title = {2020-11-6/8 {{Studio}} for {{Transdisciplinary Arts Research}} \textendash{} {{Transdisciplinary Arts Research}} at the {{Intersections}} between {{Art}}, {{Science}} and {{Culture}}},
+   title = {2020-11-6/8 Studio for Transdisciplinary Arts Research \textendash{} Transdisciplinary Arts Research at the Intersections between Art, Science and Culture},
+  url = {https://blogs.unsw.edu.au/tiic/},
+  urldate = {2020-11-07},
    language = {en-US}
 }
@@ Line 1,800: / Line 2,336: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@inproceedings{sultaniRealWorldAnomalyDetection2018,
-   title = {Real-{{World Anomaly Detection}} in {{Surveillance Videos}}},
+   title = {Real-World Anomaly Detection in Surveillance Videos},
-   booktitle = {2018 {{IEEE}}/{{CVF Conference}} on {{Computer Vision}} and {{Pattern Recognition}}},
+   booktitle = {2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
    author = {Sultani, Waqas and Chen, Chen and Shah, Mubarak},
    year = {2018},
    month = jun,
    pages = {6479--6488},
-   publisher = {{IEEE}},
+   publisher = {IEEE},
-   address = {{Salt Lake City, UT}},
+   address = {Salt Lake City, UT},
    doi = {10.1109/CVPR.2018.00678},
+  url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8578776/},
+  urldate = {2021-01-13},
    abstract = {Surveillance videos are able to capture a variety of realistic anomalies. In this paper, we propose to learn anomalies by exploiting both normal and anomalous videos. To avoid annotating the anomalous segments or clips in training videos, which is very time consuming, we propose to learn anomaly through the deep multiple instance ranking framework by leveraging weakly labeled training videos, i.e. the training labels (anomalous or normal) are at videolevel instead of clip-level. In our approach, we consider normal and anomalous videos as bags and video segments as instances in multiple instance learning (MIL), and automatically learn a deep anomaly ranking model that predicts high anomaly scores for anomalous video segments. Furthermore, we introduce sparsity and temporal smoothness constraints in the ranking loss function to better localize anomaly during training.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/WQNJMF28/Sultani et al. - 2018 - Real-World Anomaly Detection in Surveillance Video.pdf},
    isbn = {978-1-5386-6420-9},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 1,817: / Line 2,354: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{TechTalkAutomated,
-   title = {Tech {{Talk}}: {{Automated}} Citations in {{Wikipedia}}: {{Citoid}} and the Technology behind It},
+   title = {Tech Talk: Automated citations in Wikipedia: Citoid and the technology behind it},
-   shorttitle = {Tech {{Talk}}},
+   shorttitle = {Tech Talk},
+  url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltEL-kPURKs},
+  urldate = {2020-02-16},
    abstract = {IRC:  \#wikimedia -office Summary: The talk provides a very brief introduction to Marielle Volz's Citoid, the tool providing Wikipedia's new automated citations.I then focus on the technology underlying Citoid, Zotero translators, and discuss how interested users/developers can help improve that functionality to better serve the Wikipedia community. Speaker: Sebastian Karcher (Syracuse University, Zotero) - http://www.sebastiankarcher.com/ (Sebastian is the Associate Director of the Qualitative Data Repository at Syracuse University.) Helpful links: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Citoid... https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox... https://www.zotero.org/download/ Download https://www.zotero.org/support/dev/tr... http://www.sebastiankarcher.com/linkl... https://github.com/zotero/translators/ https://github.com/zuphilip/translato...},
    annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200216113124/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltEL-kPURKs},
@@ Line 1,826: / Line 2,365: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{thenewcentreforresearchpracticeCollectiveInfrastructuresKnowledge2020,
-   title = {Collective {{Infrastructures}} and {{Knowledge Production}} in a {{Post}}-{{Digital Age}}},
+   title = {Collective Infrastructures and Knowledge Production in a Post-Digital Age},
    author = {{The New Centre for Research \& Practice}},
    year = {2020},
    month = nov,
+  url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KQJp-ICK_A},
+  urldate = {2020-11-23},
    abstract = {The New Centre, Heba Y. Amin and Anthony Downey invite you to participate in an online workshop to test new forms of learning in a post-digital world. Guided by live presentations, this workshop with Mohammad Salemy, Brunella Antomarini, Valentin Golev, Reza Negarestani and Patricia Reed will generate a glossary of terms that will develop as a collective response to the online discussions. By thinking through the limits of computational technologies, the event will encourage users to rethink the conventional infrastructures that inform online learning and, in turn, formulate an experimental approach to shared knowledge production and political action. The event is introduced by Heba Y. Amin and Anthony Dowey and will be moderated by Mohammad Salemy and Martina Cavalot. First Session with Brunella Antomarini \&amp; Valentin Golev Secon Session with Reza Negarestani \&amp; Patricia Reed: https://youtu.be/rVBa1hbPcCM}
 }
@@ Line 1,835: / Line 2,376: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{ThereAreSpying,
-   title = {There {{Are Spying Eyes Everywhere}}\textemdash and {{Now They Share}} a {{Brain}}},
+   title = {There Are Spying Eyes Everywhere\textemdash and Now They Share a Brain},
    issn = {1059-1028},
+  url = {https://www.wired.com/story/there-are-spying-eyes-everywhere-and-now-they-share-a-brain/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-06},
    abstract = {Security cameras. License plate readers. Smartphone trackers. Drones. We're being watched 24/7. What happens when all those data streams fuse into one?},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/7SAUUYVM/there-are-spying-eyes-everywhere-and-now-they-share-a-brain.html},
    journal = {Wired},
    keywords = {backchannel,business,intelligence,longreads,privacy,Read,Ruben,surveillance,textbelowleftfullbleed,web},
@@ Line 1,846: / Line 2,388: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{ThinkingMakingUnmaking,
-   title = {Thinking\_{{Through}}\_{{Making}}\_{{Unmaking}}\_and\_{{Rem}}.Pdf}
+   title = {Thinking\_Through\_Making\_Unmaking\_and\_Rem.pdf}
 }
 }}
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@book{turnerEyeMind2016,
-   title = {In the Eye's Mind.},
+   title = {In the eye's mind.},
    author = {Turner, R. S},
    year = {2016},
-   publisher = {{Princeton University Pres}},
+   publisher = {Princeton University Pres},
-   address = {{Place of publication not identified}},
+   address = {Place of publication not identified},
    annotation = {OCLC: 938363011},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/JWMRF8BR/Turner - 2016 - In the eye's mind..pdf},
    isbn = {978-0-691-63221-6},
    language = {English}
@@ Line 1,864: / Line 2,405: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{ubcschoolofpublicpolicyandglobalaffairsLiuWebinarSeries2020,
-   title = {Liu {{Webinar Series}}: {{Silicon Valley}} and the {{Future}} of {{Capitalism}}},
+   title = {Liu Webinar Series: Silicon Valley and the Future of Capitalism},
-   shorttitle = {Liu {{Webinar Series}}},
+   shorttitle = {Liu Webinar Series},
    author = {{UBC School of Public Policy and Global Affairs}},
    year = {2020},
    month = nov,
+  url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYKfi1DBivg},
+  urldate = {2020-12-02},
    abstract = {This event, as a part of the Liu Institute for Global Issues webinar series, occurred on November 17, 2020. The rapidly growing power of US tech companies to dominate digital markets has alarmed policymakers around the world. Google, Amazon, and Facebook are increasingly compared to the robber barons of the Gilded Age \textemdash{} a time of skyrocketing inequality and corporate overreach. Congressional investigators recently argued that ``these firms have too much power, and that power must be reined in and subject to appropriate oversight and enforcement.'' Observers are right to be worried. But reining in Big Tech will require us to look beyond digital markets to how capitalism itself has evolved over the past decade. Technology companies have used our smartphones to forge a new frontier of appropriation and exploitation with profound political, social, and ecological implications. Presenter: Nicole Aschoff Faculty Host: SPPGA Professor Ramana, Simons Chair in Disarmament, Global and Human Security; Director, Liu Institute for Global Issues, School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, UBC Student Host: Alexander Howes, Master of Public Policy and Global Affairs, UBC Bio: Nicole Aschoff is the author of The Smartphone Society and The New Prophets of Capital, the managing editor of the Boston Institute for Nonprofit Journalism, and an editor-at-large at Jacobin magazine. She holds a PhD in sociology from Johns Hopkins University and previously taught at Boston University. She lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts. For future events, please visit https://sppga.ubc.ca}
 }
@@ Line 1,874: / Line 2,417: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{uliaszSeeingAlgorithmOperative2020,
-   title = {Seeing like an Algorithm: Operative Images and Emergent Subjects},
+   title = {Seeing like an algorithm: operative images and emergent subjects},
-   shorttitle = {Seeing like an Algorithm},
+   shorttitle = {Seeing like an algorithm},
    author = {Uliasz, Rebecca},
    year = {2020},
@@ Line 1,881: / Line 2,424: @@
    issn = {1435-5655},
    doi = {10.1007/s00146-020-01067-y},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01067-y},
+  urldate = {2020-11-23},
    abstract = {Algorithmic vision, the computational process of making meaning from digital images or visual information, has changed the relationship between the image and the human subject. In this paper, I explicate on the role of algorithmic~vision as a technique of algorithmic governance, the organization of a population by algorithmic means. With its roots in the United States post-war cybernetic sciences, the ontological status of the computational image undergoes a shift, giving way to the hegemonic use of automated facial recognition technologies towards predatory policing and profiling practices. By way of example, I argue that algorithmic vision reconfigures the philosophical links between vision, image, and truth, paradigmatically changing the way a human subject is represented through imagistic data. With algorithmic vision, the relationship between subject and representation challenges the humanistic discourse around images, calling for a critical displacement of the human subject from the center of an analysis of how computational images make meaning. I will explore the relationship between the operative image, the image that acts but is not seen by human eyes, and what Louise Amoore calls an ``emergent subject,'' a subject that is made visible through algorithmic techniques (2013). Algorithmic vision reveals subjects to power in a mode that requires a new approach towards analyzing the entanglement and invisiblization of the human in automated decision-making systems.},
    journal = {AI \& SOCIETY},
@@ Line 1,888: / Line 2,433: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{universityDataVisualizationModern,
-   title = {Data {{Visualization}} and the {{Modern Imagination}}},
+   title = {Data Visualization and the Modern Imagination},
    author = {University, {\textcopyright} Stanford and {Stanford} and California 94305},
+  url = {https://exhibits.stanford.edu/dataviz/},
+  urldate = {2021-01-26},
    abstract = {An exhibition that examines the 19th-century roots of information graphics.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/DKDUC6KZ/dataviz.html},
-  howpublished = {https://exhibits.stanford.edu/dataviz/},
    journal = {Spotlight at Stanford},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 1,899: / Line 2,444: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{venturiniThreeMapsThree2014,
-   title = {Three Maps and Three Misunderstandings: {{A}} Digital Mapping of Climate Diplomacy},
+   title = {Three maps and three misunderstandings: A digital mapping of climate diplomacy},
-   shorttitle = {Three Maps and Three Misunderstandings},
+   shorttitle = {Three maps and three misunderstandings},
    author = {Venturini, Tommaso and Baya Laffite, Nicolas and Cointet, Jean-Philippe and Gray, Ian and Zabban, Vinciane and De Pryck, Kari},
    year = {2014},
@@ Line 1,906: / Line 2,451: @@
    volume = {1},
    pages = {2053951714543804},
-   publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
+   publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
    issn = {2053-9517},
    doi = {10.1177/2053951714543804},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951714543804},
+  urldate = {2021-01-25},
    abstract = {This article proposes an original analysis of the international debate on climate change through the use of digital methods. Its originality is twofold. First, it examines a corpus of reports covering 18 years of international climate negotiations, a dataset never explored before through digital techniques. This corpus is particularly interesting because it provides the most consistent and detailed reporting of the negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Second, in this paper we test an original approach to text analysis that combines automatic extractions and manual selection of the key issue-terms. Through this mixed approach, we tried to obtain relevant findings without imposing them on our corpus. The originality of our corpus and of our approach encouraged us to question some of the habits of digital research and confront three common misunderstandings about digital methods that we discuss in the first part of the article (section `Three misunderstandings on digital methods in social sciences'). In addition to reflecting on methodology, however, we also wanted to offer some substantial contribution to the understanding of UN-framed climate diplomacy. In the second part of the article (section `Three maps on climate negotiations') we will therefore introduce some of the preliminary results of our analysis. By discussing three visualizations, we will analyze the thematic articulation of the climatic negotiations, the rise and fall of these themes over time and the visibility of different countries in the debate.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/VLT6N492/Venturini et al_2014_Three maps and three misunderstandings.pdf},
    journal = {Big Data \& Society},
    keywords = {climate change,climate negotiations,Digital methods,network analysis,science and technology studies,text analysis},
@@ Line 1,919: / Line 2,465: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{vertesiSeeingRoverVisualization2012,
-   title = {Seeing like a {{Rover}}: {{Visualization}}, Embodiment, and Interaction on the {{Mars Exploration Rover Mission}}},
+   title = {Seeing like a Rover: Visualization, embodiment, and interaction on the Mars Exploration Rover Mission},
-   shorttitle = {Seeing like a {{Rover}}},
+   shorttitle = {Seeing like a Rover},
    author = {Vertesi, Janet},
    year = {2012},
@@ Line 1,928: / Line 2,474: @@
    issn = {0306-3127},
    doi = {10.1177/0306312712444645},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312712444645},
+  urldate = {2020-12-21},
    abstract = {Based on more than 2 years of ethnographic immersion with the Mars Exploration Rover mission, this paper examines the representational work and associated embodied practices through which the science and engineering team makes decisions about how and where to move their robots. Building on prior work in Science and Technology Studies on the importance of embodiment to visualization, the paper posits that such practices also contribute to the production and maintenance of social order within the organizational context of the laboratory. It thus places visualization technologies and techniques in the context of the social organization of scientific work, contributing to our understanding of representation in scientific practice.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/UMY7NT3J/Vertesi - 2012 - Seeing like a Rover Visualization, embodiment, an.pdf},
    journal = {Social Studies of Science},
    keywords = {embodiment,human–robot interaction,planetary science,representation,social organization},
@@ Line 1,938: / Line 2,485: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{VirtualPrague2020,
-   title = {Virtual {{Prague}} 2020},
+   title = {Virtual Prague 2020},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/PVBF2JXY/virtual-prague-2020.html},
+   url = {https://www.4sonline.org/sts-resources/making-and-doing/virtual-prague-2020/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    journal = {Society for Social Studies of Science},
    language = {en-US}
@@ Line 1,946: / Line 2,494: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{VisualSensoryApproaches,
-   title = {Visual and {{Sensory Approaches}}},
+   title = {Visual and Sensory Approaches},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/YEE3UMVV/visual-and-sensory-approaches-2017.html},
+   url = {https://www.4sonline.org/sts-resources/making-and-doing/boston-2017/visual-and-sensory-approaches-2017/},
+  urldate = {2021-02-10},
    journal = {Society for Social Studies of Science},
    language = {en-US}
@@ Line 1,954: / Line 2,503: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{WarTerrorBirthed,
-   title = {War {{On Terror Birthed Pentagon}}'s {{Automated Biometrics Identification System}}},
+   title = {War On Terror Birthed Pentagon's Automated Biometrics Identification System},
+  url = {https://www.npr.org/2021/01/14/956705029/war-on-terror-birthed-pentagons-automated-biometrics-identification-system},
+  urldate = {2021-01-14},
    abstract = {NPR's Steve Inskeep talks to investigative reporter Annie Jacobsen, author of the new book, First Platoon, about how the U.S. has employed the use of biometric data during warfare.},
-  howpublished = {https://www.npr.org/2021/01/14/956705029/war-on-terror-birthed-pentagons-automated-biometrics-identification-system},
    journal = {NPR.org},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 1,963: / Line 2,513: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{wendtAnarchyWhatStates1992,
-   title = {Anarchy Is What {{States Make}} of It: {{The Social Construction}} of {{Power Politics}}},
+   title = {Anarchy is what States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics},
-   shorttitle = {Anarchy Is What {{States Make}} of It},
+   shorttitle = {Anarchy is what States Make of it},
    author = {Wendt, Alexander},
    year = {1992},
    volume = {46},
    pages = {391--425},
-   publisher = {{[MIT Press, University of Wisconsin Press, Cambridge University Press, International Organization Foundation]}},
+   publisher = {[MIT Press, University of Wisconsin Press, Cambridge University Press, International Organization Foundation]},
    issn = {0020-8183},
+  url = {https://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.leidenuniv.nl:2048/stable/2706858},
+  urldate = {2021-01-19},
    abstract = {The claim that international institutions can transform state interests is central to neoliberal challenges to the realist assumption that "process" (interaction and learning among states) cannot fundamentally affect system "structure" (anarchy and the distribution of capabilities). Systematic development of this claim, however, has been hampered by the neoliberals' commitment to rational choice theory, which treats interests as exogenously given and thus offers only a weak form of institutional analysis. A growing body of international relations scholarship points to ways in which the identities and interests of states are socially constructed by knowledgeable practice. This article builds a bridge between this scholarship and neoliberalism by developing a theory of identity- and interest-formation in support of the neoliberal claim that international institutions can transform state interests. Its substantive focus is the realist view that anarchies are necessarily self-help systems, which justifies disinterest in processes of identity- and interest-formation. Self-help is a function not of anarchy but of process and, as such, is itself an institution that determines the meaning of anarchy and the distribution of power for state action. The article concludes with an examination of how this institution can be transformed by practices of sovereignty, by an evolution of cooperation, and by critical strategic practice.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/RKZZ7VV2/Wendt_1992_Anarchy is what States Make of it.pdf},
    journal = {International Organization},
    number = {2}
@@ Line 1,979: / Line 2,530: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{wendtAnarchyWhatStates1992a,
-   title = {Anarchy Is What {{States Make}} of It: {{The Social Construction}} of {{Power Politics}}},
+   title = {Anarchy is what States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics},
-   shorttitle = {Anarchy Is What {{States Make}} of It},
+   shorttitle = {Anarchy is what States Make of it},
    author = {Wendt, Alexander},
    year = {1992},
    volume = {46},
    pages = {391--425},
-   publisher = {{[MIT Press, University of Wisconsin Press, Cambridge University Press, International Organization Foundation]}},
+   publisher = {[MIT Press, University of Wisconsin Press, Cambridge University Press, International Organization Foundation]},
    issn = {0020-8183},
+  url = {https://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.leidenuniv.nl:2048/stable/2706858},
+  urldate = {2021-01-19},
    abstract = {The claim that international institutions can transform state interests is central to neoliberal challenges to the realist assumption that "process" (interaction and learning among states) cannot fundamentally affect system "structure" (anarchy and the distribution of capabilities). Systematic development of this claim, however, has been hampered by the neoliberals' commitment to rational choice theory, which treats interests as exogenously given and thus offers only a weak form of institutional analysis. A growing body of international relations scholarship points to ways in which the identities and interests of states are socially constructed by knowledgeable practice. This article builds a bridge between this scholarship and neoliberalism by developing a theory of identity- and interest-formation in support of the neoliberal claim that international institutions can transform state interests. Its substantive focus is the realist view that anarchies are necessarily self-help systems, which justifies disinterest in processes of identity- and interest-formation. Self-help is a function not of anarchy but of process and, as such, is itself an institution that determines the meaning of anarchy and the distribution of power for state action. The article concludes with an examination of how this institution can be transformed by practices of sovereignty, by an evolution of cooperation, and by critical strategic practice.},
    journal = {International Organization},
@@ Line 1,994: / Line 2,547: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{wendtAnarchyWhatStates1992b,
-   title = {Anarchy Is What {{States Make}} of It: {{The Social Construction}} of {{Power Politics}}},
+   title = {Anarchy is what States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics},
-   shorttitle = {Anarchy Is What {{States Make}} of It},
+   shorttitle = {Anarchy is what States Make of it},
    author = {Wendt, Alexander},
    year = {1992},
    volume = {46},
    pages = {391--425},
-   publisher = {{[MIT Press, University of Wisconsin Press, Cambridge University Press, International Organization Foundation]}},
+   publisher = {[MIT Press, University of Wisconsin Press, Cambridge University Press, International Organization Foundation]},
    issn = {0020-8183},
+  url = {https://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.leidenuniv.nl:2048/stable/2706858},
+  urldate = {2021-01-19},
    abstract = {The claim that international institutions can transform state interests is central to neoliberal challenges to the realist assumption that "process" (interaction and learning among states) cannot fundamentally affect system "structure" (anarchy and the distribution of capabilities). Systematic development of this claim, however, has been hampered by the neoliberals' commitment to rational choice theory, which treats interests as exogenously given and thus offers only a weak form of institutional analysis. A growing body of international relations scholarship points to ways in which the identities and interests of states are socially constructed by knowledgeable practice. This article builds a bridge between this scholarship and neoliberalism by developing a theory of identity- and interest-formation in support of the neoliberal claim that international institutions can transform state interests. Its substantive focus is the realist view that anarchies are necessarily self-help systems, which justifies disinterest in processes of identity- and interest-formation. Self-help is a function not of anarchy but of process and, as such, is itself an institution that determines the meaning of anarchy and the distribution of power for state action. The article concludes with an examination of how this institution can be transformed by practices of sovereignty, by an evolution of cooperation, and by critical strategic practice.},
    journal = {International Organization},
@@ Line 2,009: / Line 2,564: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{WhyAIGeniuses2020,
-   title = {Why {{AI Geniuses Haven}}'t {{Created True Thinking Machines}}},
+   title = {Why AI Geniuses Haven't Created True Thinking Machines},
    year = {2020},
    month = oct,
+  url = {https://mindmatters.ai/2020/10/why-ai-geniuses-havent-created-true-thinking-machines/},
+  urldate = {2020-10-24},
    abstract = {Quantum computers play by the same rules as digital ones: Meaningful information still requires an interpreter (observer) to relate the map to the territory.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/YY4LFZQ2/why-ai-geniuses-havent-created-true-thinking-machines.html},
-  howpublished = {https://mindmatters.ai/2020/10/why-ai-geniuses-havent-created-true-thinking-machines/},
    journal = {Mind Matters},
    language = {en-US}
@@ Line 2,021: / Line 2,576: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{wiredThisSitePosted2021,
-   title = {This Site Posted Every Face from {{Parler}}'s {{Capitol Hill}} Insurrection Videos},
+   title = {This site posted every face from Parler's Capitol Hill insurrection videos},
    author = {WIRED},
    year = {2021},
    month = jan,
+  url = {https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2021/01/this-site-posted-every-face-from-parlers-capitol-hill-insurrection-videos/},
+  urldate = {2021-01-25},
    abstract = {Faces of the Riot used open source software to detect, extract, and deduplicate every face.},
-  howpublished = {https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2021/01/this-site-posted-every-face-from-parlers-capitol-hill-insurrection-videos/},
    journal = {Ars Technica},
    language = {en-us}
@@ Line 2,033: / Line 2,589: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{WorldOrbit2020,
-   title = {World.Orbit},
+   title = {World.orbit},
    year = {2020},
    month = oct,
+  url = {https://verticalatlas.hetnieuweinstituut.nl/en/worldorbit},
+  urldate = {2021-02-09},
    abstract = {Vertical Atlas \textendash{} world.orbit is a public research project focusing on a critical and generative engagement with satellite data.~In a series of workshops, artists and designers can learn how to find, read, proc...},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/I2AD8JVX/worldorbit.html},
-  howpublished = {https://verticalatlas.hetnieuweinstituut.nl/en/worldorbit},
    journal = {Vertical Atlas},
    language = {en}
@@ Line 2,045: / Line 2,601: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@inproceedings{wuExploitUnknownGradually2018,
-   title = {Exploit the {{Unknown Gradually}}: {{One}}-{{Shot Video}}-{{Based Person Re}}-Identification by {{Stepwise Learning}}},
+   title = {Exploit the Unknown Gradually: One-Shot Video-Based Person Re-identification by Stepwise Learning},
-   shorttitle = {Exploit the {{Unknown Gradually}}},
+   shorttitle = {Exploit the Unknown Gradually},
-   booktitle = {2018 {{IEEE}}/{{CVF Conference}} on {{Computer Vision}} and {{Pattern Recognition}}},
+   booktitle = {2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
    author = {Wu, Y. and Lin, Y. and Dong, X. and Yan, Y. and Ouyang, W. and Yang, Y.},
    year = {2018},
@@ Line 2,055: / Line 2,611: @@
    doi = {10.1109/CVPR.2018.00543},
    abstract = {We focus on the one-shot learning for video-based person re-Identification (re-ID). Unlabeled tracklets for the person re-ID tasks can be easily obtained by preprocessing, such as pedestrian detection and tracking. In this paper, we propose an approach to exploiting unlabeled tracklets by gradually but steadily improving the discriminative capability of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) feature representation via stepwise learning. We first initialize a CNN model using one labeled tracklet for each identity. Then we update the CNN model by the following two steps iteratively: 1. sample a few candidates with most reliable pseudo labels from unlabeled tracklets; 2. update the CNN model according to the selected data. Instead of the static sampling strategy applied in existing works, we propose a progressive sampling method to increase the number of the selected pseudo-labeled candidates step by step. We systematically investigate the way how we should select pseudo-labeled tracklets into the training set to make the best use of them. Notably, the rank-1 accuracy of our method outperforms the state-of-the-art method by 21.46 points (absolute, i.e., 62.67\% vs. 41.21\%) on the MARS dataset, and 16.53 points on the DukeMTMC-VideoReID dataset.},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/WFIF25VN/Wu et al_2018_Exploit the Unknown Gradually.pdf;/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/5NZDSZHC/8578641.html},
    keywords = {Cameras,CNN model,convolution,convolutional neural network,Data models,Estimation,feature extraction,Feature extraction,feedforward neural nets,iterative methods,learning (artificial intelligence),object detection,object tracking,one-shot learning,one-shot video-based person re-identification,pedestrian detection,person re-ID tasks,progressive sampling method,pseudolabeled candidates step,Reliability,sampling methods,static sampling strategy,stepwise learning,Task analysis,tracking,Training,unlabeled tracklets,video signal processing}
 }
@@ Line 2,061: / Line 2,616: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@article{xieExplainableDeepLearning2020,
-   title = {Explainable {{Deep Learning}}: {{A Field Guide}} for the {{Uninitiated}}},
+   title = {Explainable Deep Learning: A Field Guide for the Uninitiated},
-   shorttitle = {Explainable {{Deep Learning}}},
+   shorttitle = {Explainable Deep Learning},
    author = {Xie, Ning and Ras, Gabrielle and {van Gerven}, Marcel and Doran, Derek},
    year = {2020},
    month = apr,
+  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.14545},
+  urldate = {2021-01-13},
    abstract = {The deep neural network (DNN) is an indispensable machine learning tool for achieving human-level performance on many learning tasks. Yet, due to its black-box nature, it is inherently difficult to understand which aspects of the input data drive the decisions of the network. There are various real-world scenarios in which humans need to make actionable decisions based on the output of a decision support system that makes use of DNNs. These decision support systems can be found in critical domains, such as legislation, law enforcement, and healthcare. It is important that the humans making high-level decisions can be sure that the DNN decisions are driven by combinations of data features that are appropriate in the context of the deployment of the decision support system and that the decisions made are legally or ethically defensible. Due to the incredible pace at which DNN technology is being developed and adopted, the development of new methods and studies on explaining the decision-making process of DNNs has blossomed into an active research field. A practitioner beginning to study explainable deep learning may be intimidated by the plethora of orthogonal directions the field is taking. This complexity is further exacerbated by the general confusion that exists in defining what it means to be able to explain the actions of a deep learning system and to evaluate a system's ``ability to explain''. To alleviate this problem, this article offers a ``field guide'' to deep learning explainability for those uninitiated in the field. The field guide: i) Discusses the traits of a deep learning system that researchers enhance in explainability research, ii) places explainability in the context of other related deep learning research areas, and iii) introduces three simple dimensions defining the space of foundational methods that contribute to explainable deep learning. The guide is designed as an easy-to-digest starting point for those just embarking in the field.},
    archivePrefix = {arXiv},
    eprint = {2004.14545},
    eprinttype = {arxiv},
-  file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/PNW9B5W3/Xie et al. - 2020 - Explainable Deep Learning A Field Guide for the U.pdf},
    journal = {arXiv:2004.14545 [cs, stat]},
    keywords = {Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence,Computer Science - Machine Learning,Statistics - Machine Learning},
@@ Line 2,079: / Line 2,635: @@
 {{#scite:
   |bibtex=@misc{ZeroShotLearningDr,
-   title = {Zero-{{Shot Learning}} - {{Dr}}. {{Timothy Hospedales}} - {{YouTube}}},
+   title = {Zero-Shot Learning - Dr. Timothy Hospedales - YouTube},
-   annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200419092323/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBnCcr-3bXc\&list=PLd4H06TkjIlBiECoaH85aZRB4XEPmo9LG\&index=2\&t=0s},
+   url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBnCcr-3bXc&list=PLd4H06TkjIlBiECoaH85aZRB4XEPmo9LG&index=2&t=0s},
-   file = {/home/ruben/Zotero/storage/SH74WLFV/watch.html},
+   urldate = {2020-04-19},
-   howpublished = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBnCcr-3bXc\&list=PLd4H06TkjIlBiECoaH85aZRB4XEPmo9LG\&index=2\&t=0s}
+   annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200419092323/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBnCcr-3bXc\&list=PLd4H06TkjIlBiECoaH85aZRB4XEPmo9LG\&index=2\&t=0s}
 }
 }}
@@ Line 2,088: / Line 2,644: @@
   |bibtex=@misc{zotero-216,
    title = {\ding{233} \ding{234} \ding{235} \ding{236} \ding{237} \ding{238} \ding{239} \ding{241}},
-   howpublished = {http://pleungremmen.nl/}
+   url = {http://pleungremmen.nl/},
+  urldate = {2020-11-03}
 }
 }}

Revision as of 12:13, 15 February 2021

{{#scite:

|bibtex=@misc{CastaingTaylor.2012,
 title = {Leviathan},
 author = {{Castaing-Taylor}, Lucien and Paravel, Verena},
 year = {2012},
 publisher = {Harvard Sensory Lab},
 collaborator = {{Castaing-Taylor}, Lucien and Paravel, Verena}

} }}

{{#scite:

|bibtex=@article{cointetjean-philippeNeuronsSpikeBack2018,
 title = {Neurons spike back},
 author = {{Cointet, Jean-Philippe}, Bilel and Cardon, Dominique and Mazi{\`e}res, Antoine},
 year = {2018},
 volume = {211},
 pages = {173--220},
 annotation = {OCLC: 1113484407},
 journal = {R\'eseaux},
 language = {French},
 number = {5}

} }}